Central Nervous System

Brain- Anterior part of neural tube expands into brain (cephalisation) Rest of neural tube is spinal cord

• skull 2 Meninges (Protective membranes) • Dura mater- Outer leathery • Arachnoid mater- Middle, blood vessels • Pia mater- Closest to CNS • Cerebrospinal fluid- Shock absorbed (circulates into meninges) • Blood Brain Barrier- Blood vessels in brain are semipermeable so they pre ent certain chemicals more entering cerebrospinal fluid • Spinal cord- Dorsal root (Back w sensory neurons and ganglia) and Ventral Root (Front motor neurons)

Connects spinal cord and brain Involuntary muscle control

Bridge between halves of cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Balance and fine motor

Relay center for eyes and ears

Right (controls left side of body) and left (vice versa) hemispheres Integrate learning memory and emotions

Outer surface of cerebrum w fissures (folds increase surface area) Frontal- Motor control, intellect and personality Parietal- Spatial awareness, touch and taste Temporal- Hearing smell and memory Occipital- Vision

Nerves connecting hemispheres

Sends sensory information to lobes of cerebral cortex

Connects nervous and endocrine system and controls behaviour and emotions

Releases hormones

Interprets smell At bottom of temporal lobe

ATP from cell resp needed to maintain and restablish resting potential, synthesizing NeuroTM and singling molecules Lots of neurons need lots of o2 and glucose to generate atp by aerobic cell resp so a lot of energy goes to brain (20% in adults less in other vertebrates)

Affects brain by increasing (excitatory ex nicotine or cocaine) or decreasing (inhibitory ex alcohol) post synaptic transmission

Interfere w neural transmission between sensory perception and cns