Solutions
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Solutions are… (3)
• Homogenous mixtures • Made of evenly distributed substances • Only one phase: they are physically combined and each component can’t be identified
What is a solute?
A substance being dissolved
What is a solvent?
A substance doing the dissolving
What does soluble mean?
Something is capable of being dissolved by certain solvents
What does insoluble mean?
Something that is not capable of being dissolved by a certain solvent
What does solubility mean?
The amount of solute that dissolved in a given quantity of solvent in a certain temperature
What is thermal pollution? (She has this in the video - idk if its needed tho)
When H20 returns to its natural source, but with higher temperature
HOW does temperature effect the solubility of solids and liquids (as solutes)?
Temperature increases, solubility increases
HOW does temperature effect the solubility of gas (as a solute)?
Temperature increases, solubility decreases
WHY does temperature effect the solubility of solids and gas?
Increasing temperature means the collisions of the particles, resulting in more contact with the solvent
WHY does temperature effect the solubility of gas?
Added thermal energy helps to overcome the IMF’s between the gas solute and the solvent
HOW does pressure effect the solubility of solid and liquids (as solutes)?
Pressure has very little effect on the solubility
HOW does pressure effect the solubility of gas (as a solute)?
As pressure increases, the solubility increases
WHY does pressure effect the solubility of gas?
Increase pressure generates more downward push on the solvent, causing more gas particles to enter to solution
How does structure effect solubility?
“Like dissolves like” - Solubility is favored when the solute and solvent have similar polarities
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that contains less than the max amount of solute at a certain temperature
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains the max amount of the solute at a certain temperature
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that holds more than the max amount of solute at a certain temperature (Very unstable)
What is an electroylete?
A substance that breaks down into free ions in the solution and conducts electricity
What compounds are potential electrolytes?
Ionic compounds and acids
Why do electrolytes break down?
Because of the ion-dipole interactions with water
What are non-electrolytes?
Substances that don’t break down into ions in solutions and don’t conduct electricity
What compounds are usually non-electrolytes?
Covalent compounds
WHAT is vapor pressure depression?
It’s when the presence of a solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent