Lipid Profile (F)
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What are the tests present in lipid profile?
1) Total cholesterol 2) Triglycerides 3) HDL 4) LDL
What is the structure (or composition) of TAG?
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = Triglyceride (triester of glycerol)
What are the abbreviations for triglycerides?
TAG or TG
95% of fats stored in the tissues come in the form of what?
Come in the form of TAG
What are the 2 sources of TAG?
1) Chylomicrons 2) VLDL
What type of TAG came from chylomicrons?
Exogenous TAG
What type of TAG came from VLDL?
Endogenous TAG
What is the result of low calorie intake?
Low TAG
What are the sx considerations for TAG?
1) Serum, heparin, or EDTA sx 2) Fasting 3) Chylomicrons and TAG increased postprandially 4) LDL and HDL decline transiently after eating 5) Postural changes decreases lipoprotein by 10% (lying down / recumbent) 6) Sitted for 5 mins prior to blood extraction
What are the sxs used for TAG (lipid profile testing)?
1) Serum 2) Heparin (or heparinized sxs?) 3) EDTA sx
How many hrs are required for fasting for TAG (lipid profile testing)?
12 - 14 hrs (NPO)
When does chylomicrons and TAG increase?
Increased postprandially
When does LDL and HDL decline?
They decline transiently after eating
What is the effect of postural changes to lipoprotein?
Postural changes decreases lipoprotein by 10%
What is the lab method or procedure used for TAG?
Glycerokinase method
What is the principle of rxn of glycerokinase method?
Triglycerides (via the action of lipase) -> free fatty acid + glycerol Glycerol + ATP (via the action of glycerokinase) -> Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate + ADP Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate (via the action of Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate Oxidase) -> Dihydroxyacetone-Phosphate + H2O2 2H2O2 + Para - Chlorophenol + 4-aminoantipyrine (via the action of peroxidase) -> Quinoneimine + 4H2O
What is the process (or steps) of glycerokinase method?
1) Prepare the ff tubes and add the rgnt (blank, standard, and sample); 1000 uL of rgnt 2) Add the sx to the respective test tubes and incubate for 5 mins (Blank: 10 uL; Standard: 10 uL; Sample: 10 uL) 3) Read and record absorbance at 520 nm (spectrophotometer or semi-automated analyzer can be used depending on the procedure done)
What are the causes of increased triglycerides?
1) Hyperlipoproteinemia 2) Alcoholism 3) Nephrotic syndrome 4) Hypothyroidism 5) Pancreatitis
What are the causes of decreased trigly?
1) Malabsorption syndromes 2) Hyperthyroidism 3) Malnutrition
What is the function of HDL?
Transport of chole from tissue to liver (reverse chole transport)
What is the assay used for HDL?
Direct HDL cholesterol assay
What is the principle employed by direct HDL chole assay?
It employs two-reagent format
What is two-reagent format?
1st: stabilizes LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons 2nd: contains PEG enzymes that reacts w/ HDL particles
What is the process (or steps) of direct HDL chole assay?
1) Label test tubes (blank, standard, and patient) 2) Pipette 750 uL of direct HDL cholesterol reagent 1 and incubate for 5 mins 3) Add 10 uL of sx to respective tubes and mix well 4) Add 250 uL of direct HDL cholesterol reagent 2 and incubate for 5 mins 5) Measure absorbance at 700 nm