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Nitriles and Hydroxynitriles

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Total cards: 9•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (9)

#1
Front (Question)

What is the functional group of nitriles?

Back (Answer)

-C—N

#2
Front (Question)

What are the functional groups in hydroxynitriles?

Back (Answer)

-OH and -C—N

#3
Front (Question)

How do you name nitriles?

Back (Answer)

-anenitrile eg, pentanenitrile

#4
Front (Question)

How are nitriles synthesised?

Back (Answer)

By reacting haloalkanes with CN- and ethanol. The ethanol prevents H2O reacting with the haloalkane, forming an alcohol Source can be KCN/NaCN

#5
Front (Question)

What mechanism does synthesis of nitriles work by?

Back (Answer)

Nucleophillic substitution. Extends carbon chain

#6
Front (Question)

How are hydroxynitriles synthesised?

Back (Answer)

Reacting carbonyl compounds like ketones and aldehydes with HCN from H2SO4/NaOH mixture

#7
Front (Question)

What is the mechanism of synthesis of hydroxynitriles?

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic addition

#8
Front (Question)

How are nitriles used to synthesise amines?

Back (Answer)

Nitriles are reduced with H2/Ni - You need 2 mols of H2 for each nitrile group to add H2 to the carbon and H2 to the nitrogen

#9
Front (Question)

How are nitriles used to synthesise carboxylic acids?

Back (Answer)

They are hydrolysed to carboxylic acids with HOT AQUEOUS HCl (HCl and 2H2O) —> carboxylic acid and NH4Cl