Endothelium

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What blood pressure do arteries flow at

Back (Answer)

80-120mm Hg

Front (Question)

What pressure do veins flows at?

Back (Answer)

30 mm Hg

Front (Question)

What pressure do capillaries flow at?

Back (Answer)

8-10 mm Hg

Front (Question)

Structure of capillary

Back (Answer)

Thing endothelial barrier between ECM and blood with fenestrations

Front (Question)

Examples of endothelial input-output activity

Back (Answer)

Cell adhesion, response to growth factors, interaction with migrating cells, cell life balance

Front (Question)

Endothelium physiological features

Back (Answer)

Vasculogenesis Angiogenesis Vascular homeostasis Blood clotthing

Front (Question)

Endothelial adhesive functions

Back (Answer)

• Provision of an intercellular barrier • Regulates molecule and particle movement/trafficking • Regulation of cell movement/trafficking • Cell barrier regulates angiogenesis & vasculogenesis

Front (Question)

What cells promote angiogenesis

Back (Answer)

Endothelial cells

Front (Question)

How does angiogenesis link to cancer

Back (Answer)

Solid tumour growth tepends on angiogenesis, also metastasis of cancer

#10

Front (Question)

How does hypoxia stimulate angiogenesis

Back (Answer)

• Promotes solid tumour growth and spread • Hypoxia promotes synthesis of pro-angiogenic factors • Hypoxia promotes VEGF-A gene expression • Increased VEGF-A secretion stimulates angiogenesis

#11

Front (Question)

Angiogenesisi and VEGF-A

Back (Answer)

Dependent on HIF-1 activity * Synthesis of proteins such as VEGF-A * VEGF-A is secreted and binds to cognate receptors on the endothelium * Blocking signallingin cancer e.g. Avastin

#12

Front (Question)

HIF activity in health and disease

Back (Answer)

• Oxygen regulates multiple vascular responses via HIFs • Oxygen regulates multiple disease states via HIFs • HIFs are potential drug targets in disease states

#13

Front (Question)

What is the endothelial glycocalyx?

Back (Answer)

Very sensitive endothelial layer to many different stimuli

#14

Front (Question)

What does VEGFR control

Back (Answer)

Growth and survival

#15

Front (Question)

What do blood vessels sprouts express

Back (Answer)

DII4

#16

Front (Question)

What do stalk cells express

Back (Answer)

Noth and VEGFR2

#17

Front (Question)

Does VEGFR2 positvely or negatively regulate angiogenesis

Back (Answer)

Positively

#18

Front (Question)

Does Notch postively or negatively regulate angiogenesis?

Back (Answer)

Negatively

#19

Front (Question)

What are the endothelial-leukocyte interactions?

Back (Answer)

• PECAM-1 facilitates endothelial binding to leukocytes • VCAM-1 (endothelial) binds alpha-4-beta-1 integrin (leukocyte)

#20

Front (Question)

What is another word for trans-endothelial migration

Back (Answer)

Diapedesis

#21

Front (Question)

What is athersclerosis?

Back (Answer)

Plaques or lesions inside major arteries

#22

Front (Question)

What does endothelial nitric oxide synthase make?

Back (Answer)

nitric oxide

#23

Front (Question)

Role of nitric oxide

Back (Answer)

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation Leukocyte adhesion Block clotting

#24

Front (Question)

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Hepres Virus

Back (Answer)

Linked to HIV Infects endothelial cells Promotes edothelial growth and immortalisation Metastatic tumours