Unit 2: Week 10 Content
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Does imaging always predict pain
-no
What are dimensions of the pain experience
-who has pain -impact of pain -treatment response -long-term prognosis
What are some sex differences related to pain
-genetics -gene expression -hormones -immune response to tissue injury -structure and function of the brain
What are gender differences related to pain
-gender roles and norms -masculine/feminine traits
What percent of chronic pain conditions are more prevalent in females
-50%
What percent of chronic pain conditions are more prevalent in males
-20%
Which sex has higher pain intensity ratings across many clinical diagnoses
-females
What type of coping strategies do women benefit more from
-emotion-focused therapy and social support
What type of coping strategies do men benefit more from
-problem solving and distraction techniques
Which sex had a better response to treatment with a 4 week interdisciplinary pain treatment program
-women
Which race had the lowest rate of pain prevalence
-asian americans
Which race had the highest pain prevalence rates
-native americans and multiracial groups
Which confounder was significant in racial pain prevalence rates
-socioeconomic status
What are some of the differences in pain experience seen in different races
-pain related coping strategies -preferences for treatment modalities -beliefs about the meaning of pain -treatment outcomes -racial bias in treatments offered by health care providers
How does immigration status affect pain experience
-anti-immigration policies increase prevalence of chronic pain etc
What are the 2 psychological attributes that may affect pain
-state -trait
What is a state
-temporary -can change over time
What is a trait
-continuity throughout the lifespan -may be inheritable
What are helpful protective attributes for pain
-self efficacy -ability to use coping skills -readiness to change and engage in active treatment -acceptance of pain and limitations
What are risk factors for pain
-fear of pain -depression -negative thoughts -maladaptive coping behaviours
What are the psychological traits that can affect pain experience
-negative affectivity -anxiety sensitivity
Negative affectivity
-tendency to view the world as threatening/distressing
Anxiety sensitivity
-interpretation of unpleasant physical sensations as a sign of danger
What are some psychological states that can affect pain
-appraisals and beliefs -pain catastrophizing -perceived control -self efficacy -coping