Chapter 10

high conductivity (heat and electricity), malleable, ductile, high melting and boiling point

metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen, a displacement reaction occurs with acids, and metals react with oxygen to produce a metal oxide

Pure metals are more malleable and less tough than alloys. This is because the uniform layers can slide over each other while strange different sized atoms in alloys make it more difficult for the layers to slide across each other, making it less malleable.

idk just find it out for yourself

potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, (carbon), zinc, iron, (hydrogen), copper, silver and gold. When you go up, the reaction of water and steam, reduction with carbon and acid increases.

….than anything above 1 will react with 2

the tendency of a metal atom to lose its electrons and become a positive ion

In displacements reactions, they occur as one metal, higher in the reactivity series and therefore more reactive, displaces another metal. this can be in oxides, aqueous ions etc. example: aluminium + iron(III) oxide → iron + aluminium oxide

metal hydroxide —> metal oxide + steam (only zinc iron and copper decompose, the rest are too stable)

metal nitrate —> metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide + oxygen (if metal is zinc, iron or copper) metal nitrate —> metal nitrate + oxygen

Caused as the outer layer of aluminium reacts with oxygen to form aluminium oxide. This acts like a very unreactive layer of metal oxide which coats the aluminium

Metals are found as ores and are bound to other elements. To obtain pure metal, we must displace these other elements. For less reactive metals, this process is relatively simple. As zinc, iron and copper are less reactive than carbon, it is possible to obtain these metals in a pure state just by heating them strongly in the presence of carbon. For more reactive metals, electrolysis needs to take place.

• carbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide • carbon dioxide + carbon —> carbon monoxide • iron oxide + carbon monoxide —> iron + carbon dioxide • iron oxide + carbon —> iron + carbon monoxide

Oxygen is blown into the molten iron. It reacts with the excess carbon to form CO_2 and CO which leave. It also reacts with the impurities in iron to form acidic oxides later removed with calcium oxide. The amount of oxygen blown into the molten iron is controlled to determine the final carbon content correct to produce steel.

Iron ore, limestone and coke added to the blast furnace. Hot air moves to the top, formed from carbon combing with oxygen in an exothermic reaction. CO formed by reaction between oxygen and coke. CO and some carbon reduce iron oxide to iron by taking oxygen with them. Molten iron runs out from the bottom of the blast furnace

…..electrolysis.

• cheaper, as electrolysis is expensive af • reduces environmental impact from mining and the extraction of new metals • less waste produced so less landfill • more sustainable - does not use up the finite resources • less energy required compared to electrolysis

• collection and transportation to recycling centres needed, therefore more air pollution • sorting requires a lot of time and labour • energy saving can not truly be determine as it varies between metals

Zinc blende is heated to form zinc oxide, which is then reduced with carbon monoxide or its reduced with sulphuric acid and then electrolysed to produce pure zince

aluminium, due to its position in the reactivity series, needs to be electrolysed. However, it firstly needs to be dissolved in cryolite (as molten aluminium would be too impractical and expensive to electrolyse) beforehand. afterwards however, pure aluminium is formed at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.

the manufacture of aircraft because of its strength and low density and food containers because of its resistance to corrosion

electrical wiring as it is a very good conductor and can bend easily and in cooking equipment because it is a good conductor of heat and therefore, can warm up food more quickly.

Car bodies and tough machinery as it is very tough, ductile, malleable and has a good tensile strength

Cutlery and chemical plants as it is resistant to corrosion