Dna, Rna and protein synthesis unit #1
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What does DNA stand for
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic (dee-OK-see-ri-bo-new-klee-ik) acid. It is the genetic information inside the cells of the body that helps make people who they are.
Two reasons why DNA is unique
-To store and use info to direct activities of cells - to copy itself exactly
building blocks of DNA (monomers)
nucleotides
3 parts of a nucleotide?
1, deoxyribose 2. phosphate 3. nitrogen base
what are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA?
Adenine + Guanine Thymine + Cytosine
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Thymine + Cytosine, Single ringed structures
what are Urines? how many rings do they have?
Adenine + Guanine, double-ringed structures
the double helix structure of DNA was descovered by 4 scientists - what are their names and whawas the year?
• Erwin Chargaff 1949 • Rosalina Franklin 1953 • Watson 1953 • Crick 1953
What did Erwin Chargaff discover?
Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA, the ratios of adenine (A) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to cytosine (C) are equal.
What enzyme unzips the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase
DNA polymerase what does it do?
Hydrogen bonds link those complements to the “old” strand of DNA with the help of this enzyme
What is the “Backbone” of DNA made up of
Sugar?phosphate
What are the 3 types of RNA?
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) -Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messanger RNA function
Found in nucleus, then moves to cytoplasm through nuclear pores single, uncoiled chain: carries genetic info of DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Transfer RNA
Found in cytoplasm bonds to a specific amino acid and carries the amino acid to ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Found in ribosomes RNA functions in the ribosomes as a metabolic molecule that aids in protein sythesis
Steps of Transcription?
• An enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region in DNA molecule called the promoter site. promoter sites have specific base sequences. promoters are signals in DNA that indicates to the enzyme where binds to RNA. • seperation of complementery strands of DNA occurs • RNA polymerase than uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA • polymerase reaches the termination site, and the newly made Rna released • The New RNA strand moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nucleus pores
Transcription takes place in the…
Cytoplasm. it will be read by a ribosome to make a protein. protein synthesis is important because proteins play roles in enzymatic action, transport, motion, protection, support, communication and regulation.
4 Differences between DNA and RNA
of strands present: DNA: 2, RNA: 1 Name of 5- carbon sugar: DNA: Deoxyribose, RNA: Ribose Nitrogen bases: DNA: AT CG, RNA: AU CG DNA long term, RNA is temporary
what holds DnA molecules together?
Hydrogen Bonds
Nitrogen bases are always connected to the?
Sugar molecule
How does mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell?
through pores in the nuclear membrane.
What are introns and exons
What are the 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA called?
The bases in mRNA are grouped into sets of three called codons.