Topic #7: Nervous System
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What does the nervous system include all of??
All the neural tissue in the body
What are the two different kinds of cells composed of in the body?
Neurons and Neuroglia/Glia
What are the neurons?
Cells that can send and receive signals
What are the Neuroglia/Glia?
Used to support and protect neurons
What organs are consisted of in the Nervous System?
The brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors/sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue), nerves connecting with other organ systems throughout the body (controlled by the subconscious)
What are the anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the CNS composed of?
Brain and Spinal cord, and contains neural tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels
What are the functions of the CNS?
Sensory data from inside and outside the body, motor commands control activities of peripheral organs, and higher functions for memory, intelligence, and emotion.
What is in the PNS?
Includes all of the neural tissue outside of the CNS.
What are the functions of the PNS?
Deliver sensory info to the CNS, carry motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems (to muscles or heart)
What are nerves or peripheral nerves?
Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood vessels, carry sensory info and motor commands in the PNS
Where do the Cranial Nerves connect to?
The brain
What do Spinal Nerves attach to?
The Spinal Cord
What is Afferent Division?
Carries sensory information from PNS sensory receptors to CNS (sense anything that changes in the environment).
What do effectors respond to?
efferent signals (from change in environment) cells or organs
What are receptors?
Neurons or specialized cells that detect changes or respond to stimuli.
What is efferent division?
Carried motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
What is Efferent Division divided into?
Somatic Nervous System & Autonomic Nervous System
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
Controls voluntary and involuntary muscle skeletal contractions such as reflexes (MUSCLES)- Voluntary movements.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and granular secretions (Everything else, works automatically); Ex) Breathing, sweat glands, cardiac muscles
What are the 4 types of Neuroglia?
Ependymal Cells, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia
What are Ependymal Cells?
Cells with highly branches processes; contact neuroglia (Type of Neuroglia)
What are Actrocytes?
Large cell bodies with many processes (Type of Neuroglia)
What are Oligodendrocytes?
Smaller cell bodies with fewer processes (Type of Neuroglia)