Week 1
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Pathogens
microorganisms that cause disease
body defence mechanisms
barriers to entry nonspecific defences specific defences
barriers to entry
skin, stomach acid, tears, vomiting
nonspecific defences
phagocytosis, inflammation
specific defences
antibodies, T-cells
types of pathogens
living: bacteria, fungi, parasites nonliving: prions, virus
bacteria characteristics
single-celled prokaryotes
virus characteristics
very small, nonliving (unable to reproduce outside of cell, no metabolic activity) nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat
prion characteristics
self-propagating misfolded brain protein, highly resistant
transmissability
how easily a pathogen is passed from person-person
virulence
damage caused by the infection
functions of the lymphatic system
maintenance of blood volume in CV system transport of fats and fat soluble mat filtration of foreign mat
lymph contents
WBC proteins fats occasionally bac/virus
lymph nodes
located at intersections composed of CT, lymphocytes and macrophages 1-2.5 mm, act as filters
spleen
largest lymph organ, in ULQ red pulp: filter old RBC white pulp: contain WBC
thymus gland
behind sternum site of T-cell maturation secretes thymosin and thymopoietin most active in childhood
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue near entrance to throat filter food and air
adenoids
lymph tissue near back of nasal passage filter air
normal microbiota
total of all MO that live in/on the human body
benefits to the normal microbiota
competitive inhibition change environment prod vitamins
prebiotics vs probiotics
prebiotics: encourage growth of microbiota probiotics: contain beneficial MO
2nd line of defences
complement proteins phagocytic cells inflammation NK cells interferons fever
complement proteins
mark invading MO ^ inflammation lyse invading MO
phagocytes
engulf and digest invaders incl macrophages (cleanup) and neutrophils (1st responders)