rate of reaction
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equation for rate of reaction
amount of reactants used or product formed / time
rate of reaction depends on 2 things
• frequency of collisions • energy with which the particles collide
what is activation energy
the minimum energy needed for particles to react ( move/ collide)
factors affecting rate
• temperature • concentration/pressure • surface area • catalyst
why does increasing the temperature increase the rate of reaction
• increased kinetic energy of particles, increasing energy of collisions so more successful collisions and more collisions overall
why does increasing the concentration increase the rate
if a solution is made more concentrated, there are more particles of reactant in the same unit of volume, meaning more collisions, and more successful collisions
why does increasing the pressure increases rate
for gases it means the particles are more crowded, because there is a bigger density and a larger force being exerted on them so the frequency o collisions between particles will increase
why does increasing the surface area increase the rate of reaction
more area is exposed, and the particles around will have more surface to collide with so frequency of collisions increases
a catalyst is
a substance that does not get used up or chemically changed while increasing the rate of reaction
how do you measure the volume of gas given off ( changing surface area ) (reacting different sized marble chips with hydrochloric acid)
• Have a beaker filled with hydrochloric acid • At the mouth of the beaker there should be a syringe to catch and measure the volume of CO2 that will be produced • Have three different sizes of marble chips, ( need to add up to the same mass) • Add one of the sizes of the marble chips inside and immediately close the top off with the syringe ( make sure syringe was set at 0, and it is straight up so the gas can pass easily through/in it) • Measure the time it takes for marble chips to fully react Repeat with other sizes of chips.
How does changing temperature affect the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid & magnesium ribbon) investigation
• Gather apparatus and set up your water bath with 100ml of water at a temperature of 5ºC • Measure 25ml of hydrochloric acid and put it in your water bath until it reaches a temp of 5º • Once acid has been removed from waterbath, add magnesium ribbon and weight the conical flask immediately • Start your stopwatch and at 2 mins weigh the solution again and record data Repeat with temps of 15, 25,35º C