3.3.13 Amino acids, Proteins and DNA (A2)
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what is the formula of the amine group?
H2N
what is the formula of the carboxyl group?
COOH
what does bifunctional mean?
molecule has two functional groups
how many different side chains are there? (amino acids)
20
what is a chiral carbon?
carbon with 4 different functional groups attached
how many of the 20 amino acids are chiral?
19
what are zwitterions?
molecules with both a positive and negative charge
what are the properties of zwitterions?
ionically bond due to charges highly soluble in water high melting points white solids at room temp.
which end of an amino acid do we name it from?
carboxyl group end
state why each amino acid has a different Rf value when using TLC
each amino acid has different (relative) affinity/attraction to/solubility in stationary and mobile phases
how can the amino acids be made visible after a TLC experiment?
UV light/lamp
which two bases in DNA form 3 hydrogen bonds between them?
cytosine and guanine
which bases in DNA form 2 hydrogen bonds between them?
adenine and thymine
what is the functional group of an amide?
RCONR’R’’ R - C - N - R’ O R’’
what is the functional group of an amine?
nitrogen atom with a lone pair
Suggest a suitable reagent for the hydrolysis of a protein (in TLC)
Conc HCl
what do amino acids react together to form?
peptides
what type of reaction happens between two amino acids?
condensation reaction
what is released in a condensation reaction?
molecule of water
what is a peptide bond?
secondary amide group
what is a peptide bond also called?
amide bond
what is a polypeptide?
a polymer of up to 50 amino acid residues
what is a protein?
a polymer of more than 45 amino acid residues
what is an amino acid residue?
what’s left after H2O is lost