Exam 2

organization of biodiversity, common attributes

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

naming newly discovered members of groups

common names can be the same or similar to another species without being related

they are specific and reflect evolutionary relations

Binomial Nomenclature (2 part naming) and Taxonomy (hierarchical classification system)

taxonomy gave way to systematics, natural and phylogenetic classifications

pattern of evolutionary history among species

group descended from a single ancestor (mammalia, angiosperms, insects)

group descended from more than one ancestor (trees, algae, flying vertebrates, flightless birds)

includes most recent ancestor, not all descendants (reptiles, bryophytes)

nodes is the connecting point of a branch, tips represent groups descendents

branch that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants

the ancestor that has more relation to an individual from which all directly descended

Bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea

Archaea and Bacteria small size and ribosomes, no nucleus or organelles, peptidoglycan cell wall, DNA is circular

Eukarya Large size and ribosomes, nucleus contains chromosomes, has organelles, a cellulose or chitin cell wall and linear DNA

one cell eats another, if the cell is not digested it becomes part of the cell

single celled

multicellular

chlorophyll (green) phycoerythrin (red) phycocyanin (blue)

anabaena, oscillatoria, nostoc

lives naturally in water fern, providing nitrogen for both itself and the fern

chlorophyll a phycobilins (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin)