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introduction to pharmacokinetics 2

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

where does the metabolism of a parent drug primarily occur

Back (Answer)

the liver

#2
Front (Question)

clearance

Back (Answer)

Clearance describes the efficiency of irreversible elimination of the parent drug from the systemic circulation

#3
Front (Question)

formula for clearance(CL)

Back (Answer)

Elimination rate/ Plasma drug concentration

#4
Front (Question)

unit for clearance unit for elimination rate unit for plasma drug concentration

Back (Answer)

Lh^-1 mgh^-1 mgL^-1

#5
Front (Question)

the total rate of elimination

Back (Answer)

the sum of all routes of elimination

#6
Front (Question)

Xeno means?

Back (Answer)

foreign

#7
Front (Question)

examples of drugs that could be considered xenobiotic

Back (Answer)

Pesticides Environmental pollutants Industrial Chemicals Food additives

#8
Front (Question)

which systems have the body evolved to rid itself of foreign substances

Back (Answer)

detoxification systems

#9
Front (Question)

When the drug has been metabolized it is said to have been………… or ……………, even if it’s metabolites are still in the body

Back (Answer)

cleared or eliminated

#10
Front (Question)

hepatic elimination

Back (Answer)

the process by which drugs and other foreign substances are modified, metabolized, and often detoxified by the liver (hepatic refers to the liver)

#11
Front (Question)

the major organ containing the greatest abundance and diversity of drug-metabolizing enzymes

Back (Answer)

the liver

#12
Front (Question)

why are lipophilic xenobiotics not excreted efficiently by the kidney?

Back (Answer)

Lipophilic (fat-soluble) xenobiotics are typically not efficiently excreted by the kidneys because the renal excretion process primarily favors water-soluble molecules. The kidneys filter and excrete substances from the bloodstream into the urine, and for a substance to be efficiently excreted, it must be water-soluble or must undergo specific processes to become more water-soluble

#13
Front (Question)

lipophilic xenobiotics can only be excreted after being?

Back (Answer)

metabolized

#14
Front (Question)

lipophilic xenobiotics are biotransformed into a new more polar entity called a

Back (Answer)

metabolite

#15
Front (Question)

name given to the process by which lipophilic xenobiotics are converted to a form that can be excreted efficiently by the kidneys

Back (Answer)

biotransformation

#16
Front (Question)

drug biotransformation can be classified into how many phases? name them

Back (Answer)

2 phase I phase II

#17
Front (Question)

phase I metabolism

Back (Answer)

Introduction or unmasking of a chemically reactive functional group (increases the polarity of the compound)

#18
Front (Question)

phase II metabolism

Back (Answer)

Conjugation of an endogenous molecule onto the functional group (further increases polarity of the compound)

#19
Front (Question)

which one between phase I and II metabolism involves catabolic reactions

Back (Answer)

phase I

#20
Front (Question)

which one between phase I and II metabolism involves anabolic reactions

Back (Answer)

phase II

#21
Front (Question)

is the metabolite that phase II metabolism results in active?

Back (Answer)

no, they are inactive

#22
Front (Question)

biliary elimination

Back (Answer)

is a process in which drugs, toxins, and waste products are excreted from the body via the bile produced by the liver

#23
Front (Question)

major metabolising organ in mammals

Back (Answer)

liver

#24
Front (Question)

do phase II reactions always follow phase I reactions

Back (Answer)

no