Chemistry - fules
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What is crude oil?
A mixture of hydrocarbons
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen only
What is an alkane?
A hydrocarbon with only single bonds
How does boiling point change with the length of an alkane?
The longer the alkane, the higher its boiling point
How does viscosity change with the length of an alkane?
The longer the alkane, the more viscous (the thicker) it is
What is fractional distillation?
A process used to separate mixtures of substances with different boiling points
What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?
Crude oil is vaporised, different molecules rise up the fractionating column and cool down. Condense at different points on the column.
Why is fractional distillation important?
Because the different fractions have different uses
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous
It is toxic, taken up by red blood cells in preference to oxygen.
What are alkenes
A hydrocarbon with a double bond
What are the first four alkenes?
Ethene, propene, butene, pentene
What do members of a homologous series have in common?
Same general formula, differ by CH2 for neighbouring compounds in the series, boiling points increase with chain length, have similar chemical properties and reactions.
How is sulphur dioxide produced?
Sulphur impurities in fuels form it when the fuel is burnt
What happens when the sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain water?
Acid rain is formed
How are oxides of nitrogen formed?
When the nitrogen and oxygen in the air react together at the high temperatures created in combustion engines
How are members of a homologous series different from each other?
Their chain length differs by a number of CH2
Where do petrol, kerosene and diesel oil come from?
They are obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil
What is the test for alkenes?
Shake with bromine water. Alkenes - bromine water turns from orange to colourless Alkanes - no change