Wk 2- Molecules

Molecules of life must contain =? Organic compounds can be ; ? ? ? All containing ?

Carbon: Is the chief component of ? structures. It is the atomic skeleton/ foundation of ? compounds. Carbon can bind up to 4 atoms= can create may different compounds.

Polymerisation: Monomers (links) = single ? Polymers (chains)= many ? Individual / identical monomers join together= straight ? chain

What are the 4 main compounds? • C? • L? • P? • N? Acids

Carbohydrates = CHO Includes sugars, glycogen, starch and cellulose. Major source of energy in ? production. 3 main groups are; 1. - saccharides (simple) 2. - saccharides (simple) 3. - saccharides (complex)

Monosaccharides: simple sugars What are the simple sugars in ; Blood ? Fruit ? Milk? DNA? RNA?

Disaccharides = glucose + simple sugars Glucose + fructose = ? (Table sugar ) Glucose + galactose= ? (Milk) Glucose + glucose= ? (Malt sugar)

Polysaccharides= complex carbohydrates G? = increase storage of CHO in humans S?= fuel source found in plants, increase energy supply in humans C?= plant cell wall not easily digested

Lipids: CHO Fats, oils, waxes and sterols Lipids are a major structural component in cells. Lipids in? , protect and c? organs. The main lipid = Tri?

Triglycerides: Triglycerides = ? Fatty acids + glycerol Structure is in the form of a ? Saturated fats = ? Unsaturated fats = ? Mono unsaturated fats = ? Double bond ? poly unsaturated fats= ? Double bond ? ^ bonds= ^ bends in the ?

Proteins: CHON The most important and abundant component in the human body. Protein monomers = ? Acids ? Acids + covalent bonds= p? Bond

Protein structure: CHON What are the 5 Amino acid components? 1. Central ? Atom 2. H? Atom 3. A? group 4. Carboxylic ? Group 5. Variable group (?) Peptide chains form from d? s? (Hy?)

Protein structural levels: (Alphabet) P? = ? Acid (Word) S? = ? Acid + h? Bonds (Sentence) Tertiary= interactions of R group shape protein into a 3D form (Paragraph) Q?= 2/more peptide chains into functional p?

Nucleic acids: DNA = ? Genetic material in double strands RNA= ? Copies DNA protein synthesis Polypeptide chains create new single strand

Nucleic acid structure: nucleotide monomers What are the 3 components of DNA? 1. Sugar (?/?) 2. Phosphate 3. N? Base = A? T? G? C? U?= RNA

Nitrogenous base pairs: A + ? G + ? The nitrogenous base pairs create the steps in the double helix structure of DNA

Adenosine triphosphate = ? Main energy source and principle in cellular energy. Adenosine + 3 phosphate groups Hy? liberates energy

Release of ATP: Full battery / form energy = ? Adenosine triphosphate Dead battery / release energy = ? ( loss of 1 ?)