Biology Grade 10 Cells!
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Cell Theory
-All living things are composed of cells -Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living thing -New cells are produced from existing cells
What are prokaryotes cells
-Single cells -Smaller -No nucleus -Lack of organelles -Oldest type of cell
What are eukaryotes cells
-Evolved from prokaryotes -Large and complex -has nucleus -has organelles -multi cell and single cell
what do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common
-Have DNA -Have ribosomes -have cytoplasm -Have plasma membrane
what is the nucleus -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -control center for all activity -surrounded by a nuclear membrane -holds DNA -provides structural support
what is the Nucleolus -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -surrounds the nucleus -where ribosomes are formed
what is centrioles -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-found in Animal Cells -Surface protection -cylinder shaped cell structure -support, movement, communication between cells
what is cytoplasm -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-found in both -A clear, thick jelly-like substance -found in cells -holds organelles in place
what is a cell membrane -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-found in both -thin flexible layer around the cell -controls what enters and leaves (semi-permiable)
what is a cell wall -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-found in Plant cells -Rigid outer layer surrounding the cell membrane -Made mostly of cellulose -Provides support and protection outside the cell membrane -prevents cell from collapsing
what is vacuoles -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -A clear, fluid-filled sac -storage area for food, minerals and waste -helps with digestion -helps balance water levels
what is lysosomes -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-found in animal cells -contains enzymes that break down materials -called “suicide sacs” because if one burst their enzymes could destroy the entire cell -digest nutrients, bacteria and damaged organelles
what is a mitochondria -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -produces cellular energy for all cell activity - by breaking down sugar, fats and other fuels -“power house”
word equation for cellular respiration
Glucose+ oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight –> Glucose + oxygen
what is ribosomes -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -tiny dots that float on the rER -creates protein
what is endoplasmic reticulum -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -folded tubes next to nucleus -moves materials around the cell
Rough ER structure vs. Smooth ER structure
Rough: has ribosomes Smooth: no ribosomes
what is golgi apparatus -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in both -stores and releases chemicals -tube like structure that have tiny sacs at their ends -modifies and packages proteins and other large molecules -transports materials within the cell using vesicles
what is chloroplast -is it found in animal cells, plant or both -what is the structure and function
-Found in plant cells -Has internal stacks of membranes -absorbs sunlight to make glucose -sight of photosynthesis
cell structure what makes up blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets
describe a red blood cell
-all red blood cells have the same shape -does not reproduce -no nucleus -biconcave disc -cares oxygen in body
how are white blood cells different from red blood cells
-white blood cells are colorless -have nucleus -bigger in size
do platelets contain a nucleus
yes