Homeostasis
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Definition of homeostasis?
Maintenance of relatively stable internal environment within a precise range despite changes using negative feedback mechanisms such as external environment changes
What examples of variables that need to stay constant?
Temperature PH Blood glucose Water balance
What is the negative feedback loop?
It continuously correct deviation
What is NEWS ?
NEWS is a system used in UK healthcare and is a common language for assessing how sick a patient is enabling better communication between healthcare teams, it was produced in 2012 and updated in 2017
What is NEWS used for?
Detect patient deterioration early Standardised patient assessments Guide urgency of clinical response
What are vital signs?
They provide valuable insight into patient’s condition, including how they are responded to medical treatment and whether the patient is deteriorating
Give me example of vital signs that doctors check?
Respiration rate Oxygen saturation Temperature Blood pressure Consciousness level
What does early changes in vital sign mean?
Often signal deterioration before symptoms become clinically obvious
What are the two major systems that maintain homeostasis?
Nervous system Endocrine system
Why is the nervous system used for homeostasis?
It’s fast and precise and allows electrical signals for rapid responses
Why is it endocrine system used in homeostasis?
It’s slow and allows hormonal signals via glands for longer lasting effects
What are the two brain regions involved in homeostasis?
Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
What is the function of the hypothalamus in homeostasis?
Temperature control Water balance via the hormone ADH Links nervous and endocrine system
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata in homeostasis?
He controls vital life function such as a breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and response to chemo receptors detecting carbon dioxide levels
Give me examples of glands in the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland Pineal gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Tyroid gland Parathyroid glands
What is the function of the pituitary gland in homeostasis?
It’s known as the master regulator and has several hormones
What is the function of the pineal gland in maintaining homeostasis?
Secretes melatonin Control sleep/wake cycle
What is the function of the adrenal gland in homeostasis?
Aldosterone for salt /water balance Cortisol regulates metabolism and stress response
What is the function of the pancreas in homeostasis?
Has insulin and glycogen for blood glucose Insulin decreases blood glucose Glycogen increase increases blood glucose
What is the function of thyroid gland in homeostasis?
Controlled metabolism Releases thyroid hormones Produces calcitonin for calcium balance
What is the function of parathyroid glands in homeostasis?
Releases parathyroid hormones Regulates blood Calcium control
What is the function of the negative feedback loop?
If the value of the regulated variable is disturbed, the system functions to restore it towards its set point value
What is the order of the negative feedback loop?
Stimulus Sensors = detect change Control centre= brain or spinal cord Effector Stimulus
Give me examples of external environment changes
Weather Diet Stress Physical activity