Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates Quiz

Simple and complex carbs

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides. -Mono meaning one. -Saccharide = sugar and Di means two

(Look at sketch of shape) Formula: C6H12O6 -It is the most abundant sugar molecule in our diet and is a good energy source. -Added sugar

(Look at sketch of shape) Formula: C6H12O6 -It is the sweetest natural sugar and is found in fruit, high-fructose corn syrup, vegetables, wheat, etc. -Natural sugar

(Look at sketch of shape) Formula: C6H12O6 -It does not occur alone in foods, it binds with glucose to form lactose. -Simple sugar -Added sugar

-Glucose + Galactose Formula: C12H22O11 - It is commonly found in dairy products and sugar.

-Glucose + Glucose Formula: C12H22O11 -It is commonly found in starch molecules.

-Glucose + Fructose Formula: C12H22O11 -It is commonly found in sugar came, sugar beets, honey, etc.

(Look at sketch) -It is made of glucose. -Stored in plants. -It is found in grains, legumes, and tubers.

(Look at sketch) -It is made of glucose. -Stored in liver and muscles of animals. -It can’t be found in foods.

(Look at sketch) -Made of glucose. -Stored in structure of leaves, stems, and plants. -Can be found in grains, rice, seeds, etc.

-Dissolves in water. -Easily digested by bacteria in the colon. -Promotes softer bowel movement Ex) Citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans, etc.

-Does not dissolve in water. -Promotes regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce risk for deverticulosis. Ex) Found in grains, and many vegetables.

-Carbs are an excellent source of energy. They provide four calories of energy per gram.

-Our bodies rely mainly on carbs and fat for energy for daily activity.

-As exercise intensity increases, the body starts to use more carbs and less fat. -Almost 100% of our energy comes from carbs.

-Without proper carbs, the body breaks down stored fat in a process called Ketosis which produces a fuel called Ketones. If it continues for a long period, to0 many ketones in the blood can lead to ketoacidosis. -Ketoacidosis interferes harmfully with the body such as high blood acidity, loss of lean body mass, damages body tissues, can lead to a coma and death.

1.May reduce the risk of colon cancer. 2.May reduce the risk of heart disease. 3.Can enhance weight loss because we feel fuller.

The blood stream.

It will be stores as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Rise

Insulin

Pancreas

1.Helps transport glucose from the blood into cells. 2.Stimulates the liver and muscles to take in glucose and convert it to glycogen.