Liver Function
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What is the function of the hepatic artery?
Aortic branch which provides oxygen to the liver.
What is the function of the portal vein?
Blood supply from the GI tract; transports absorbed materials.
Hepatocytes within the liver include what two types of cells?
Kupffer Cells and Sinusoids.
What is the function of Kupffer cells?
Phagocytosis of RBC’s.
Hepatocytes make up ___ of the liver’s mass.
80%.
What is the function of microvilli within hepatocytes?
Works in conjunction with sinusoid space; passes absorbed materials across the cell membrane.
What is the function of the smooth ER within hepatocytes?
Bilirubin conjugation; drug detoxification; cholesterol synthesis.
What is the function of the rough ER within hepatocytes?
Ribosome synthesis (protein production) which provide albumin, coagulation factors, and enzymes.
What is the function of the bile capillary within hepatocytes?
Excretes bile and waste products; acts as an outlet system.
The liver processes dietary and endogenous ___ for energy.
Carbohydrates.
How is carbohydrate metabolism effected by liver disease?
(1) Hypoglycemia (2) Diminished tolerance to the administration of glucose, galactose, fructose, or lactose. (3) Decreased glycogen stores.
What is one of the most important functions of the liver?
Bile synthesis.
What is the function of bile?
Lipid absorption and digestion.
Where is bile stored?
Within the gallbladder.
Fatty liver conditions are from the accumulation of ___.
plasma free fatty acids and lipoproteins; triglyceride accumulation.
How does the liver change in moderate severity of fatty liver (liver fibrosis)?
Scar tissue begins to form; recovery is possible, but scar tissue remains.
How do laboratory results change with someone who may have fatty liver?
Mild elevation of AST and ALT.
Severe or chronic hepatic diseases cause a decrease in what plasma proteins?
Albumin, fibrinogen, transferrin, and coagulation proteins.
Measurement of enzymes that are released after an injury are able to help differentiate between what two conditions?
Hepatocellular from obstructive disease.
What are the 5 most commonly measured enzymes for the liver?
AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, GGT.
How does the liver handle xenobiotics (nonmetabolic products)?
Converts to more soluble, less toxic compounds; toxic compounds are absorbed from the intestinal tract.
How do we get ammonia in the blood?
From the urea cycle; amino acid deamination.
If there is an increase in ammonia levels, how would this effect the body?
Highly toxic; may increase pH in the blood.
Which immunoglobulin is secreted by the liver?
IgA.