A6 - Additional affects of the skeletal system

• likely to live longer • less likely to develop serious diseases • help common skeletal diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis

• a condition where there is an inflammation within the synovial joint, causing pain and stiffness in the joint (leading to reduction in range of movement)

• osteoarthritis • caused by general wear and tear over a long period of time • reduces the normal amount of cartilage tissue (potentially leading to the end of two bones ‘rubbing’ together) • cartilage naturally breaks down over time, but is made worse by injury to a joint

doubtful = minimal disruption to the joint, already a 10% loss in cartilage mild = joint space narrows and cartilage begins to break down (start of osteoarthritis) moderate = moderate joint space reduction, gaps in cartilage appear, expose and can reach the bone sever = joint space greatly reduced in 60% of cartilage is lost, bone exposed!

• a weakening of bones caused by a loss of calcium or a lack of vitamin D

• used to regulate the amount of calcium in the body and is produced from sunlight • small amounts of vitamin D can be found in oily fish and eggs

• slowly lose their ‘mineral density’ and naturally become brittle, fragile and more likely to break under pressure/ stress

• physical activity • as it increases bone density and mineral uptake

• overloading • resistance/ weight training is a good way to develop this

• excess strain through resistance training in children can actually damage their skeleton • children’s bones are not fully developed, and too much strain can damage the epiphyseal (growth) plates at the ends of each bone • damage to this bones in childhood/ puberty can lead to permanent damage and stunted growth