1.3 DNA and the Production of Proteins
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What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is made up of two molecules that are arranged into a double helix shape that are connected by millions of pairs of bases
What are the four different bases (nucleotides)?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What is the pairings of the bases (nucleotides)?
Adenine pairs with Thymine Cytosine pairs with Guanine
What does DNA carry?
DNA carries the genetic information for making making proteins which are unique to each individual
What does each sequence ion bases determine?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein
What is mRNA (messenger RNA)?
mRNA is a molecule that carries a copy of the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
What happens to mRNA at the ribosome?
The mRNA is decoded and the correct amino acids are assembled from the code.
What do amino acids do?
They join together to make proteins
What is a gene?
A gene is the code to make a protein
What is a chromosome?
A long molecule containing coils of DNA
How is gene transcribed into mRNA?
Adenine = Uracil Thymine = Adenine Guanine = Cytosine Cytosine = Guanine
What is a pair of bases called?
A complimentary base pair
Where are proteins made?
The ribosomes
Name 5 functions of proteins
Receptors structural (cell membrane) enzymes Hormones Antibodies
How many amino acids are there?
20
How does mRNA determine the sequence of amino acids?
The sequence of bases determines the sequence of amino acids