Semester Exam Study
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Carbohydrates provide _____ calories per gram.
4 Carbohydrates are the main energy source for the body.
Protein provides _____ calories per gram.
4 Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues.
Fats provide _____ calories per gram.
9 Fats are important for energy storage, hormone function, and insulation.
Examples of unsaturated fats include:
• Avocado • Olive oil • Nuts Unsaturated fats are considered healthy fats.
Harmful fats _____ LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) and _____ HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein).
Increase; decrease This can lead to higher risks of heart disease.
Vitamins and minerals support metabolism, immunity, and _____ function.
cell They are essential micronutrients for overall health.
Fiber helps digestion, stabilizes blood sugar, and reduces the risk of _____ disease.
heart Fiber is an important component of a healthy diet.
Limit added sugars to reduce intake of _____ and _____.
sucrose; dextrose Added sugars can contribute to various health issues.
Limit sodium to less than _____ mg/day.
2,300 High sodium intake can increase the risk of hypertension.
High sodium increases the risk of ____________.
hypertension Managing sodium intake is crucial for cardiovascular health.
Half the plate should consist of _____ & _____.
• Fruits • Vegetables This is a key principle of the MyPlate dietary guidelines.
Choose whole grains such as:
• Brown rice • Quinoa • Whole wheat bread Whole grains are more nutritious than refined grains.
Choose lean proteins like:
• Fish • Chicken • Beans Lean proteins are important for a balanced diet.
Choose _____-fat or fat-_____ dairy.
• low-fat • fat-free These options help reduce saturated fat intake.
Nutrient-dense foods provide _____ nutrients for _____ calories.
more; fewer Examples include grilled chicken, vegetables, and oatmeal with fruit.
Soda, candy, and cookies are examples of foods with low _____ density.
nutrient These foods provide high calories with little nutritional value.
Planning meals can help cut costs and reduce _____.
waste Meal planning is a key strategy for healthy eating on a budget.
Public health focuses on protecting population health, not treating _____.
individuals The emphasis is on prevention and education.
_____ _____ mapped cholera cases and identified the Broad Street pump as contaminated water.
John Snow He is considered the father of epidemiology.
_____ _____ developed the smallpox vaccine.
Edward Jenner His work laid the foundation for immunology.
_____ _____ improved sanitation and nursing practices.
Florence Nightingale She is known for her contributions to modern nursing.
_____ _____ & _____ _____ developed germ theory.
• Louis Pasteur • Robert Koch Their research transformed the understanding of infectious diseases.
The 19th-century sanitary movement improved water and _____ systems.
sewer These improvements significantly reduced disease transmission.
Clean water systems reduce _____ diseases.
diarrheal Access to clean water is critical for public health.