12: Atmosphere Motion - Moist Processes (SALR)
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Relative Humidity 1) Relative to 2) High RH means
1) Relative to the maximum amount of moisture air can hold at a particular temperature 2) Mean the air is holding close to the maximum amount of moisture possible at the current temperature
Greater potential to form clouds is due to
warming of the atmosphere as the ability to hold more moisture before it condenses out
Can all three states of water exist at the same time & place
Yes, they can also change their state during it
Depsoition / desublimation
Transition of a substance directly from the gas phase to the solid phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase
Evaporation
transition of a substance directly from the liquid phase to the gas phase
Condensation
transition of a substance directly from the gas phase to the liquid phase
Fusion
transition of a substance directly from the liquid phase to the solid phase
Melting
transition of a substance directly from the solid phase to liquid phase
Sublimation
transition of a substance directly from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase
Condensation How does it happen in the atmosphere
parcel of air with moisture in it, raises the parcel of air - (temperature decrease) as temperature decreases, (cold air cant hold less & less moisture), any moisture in the parcel has to condense out at some point to water vapor and during that process, heat will be released.
Melting How does it occur
to break bonds in ice you need heat, therefore heat is absorbed
1) Heat is absorbed to 2) Heat is released when
1) convert ice to a liquid to a vapor 2) water vapor is converted to liquid to ice
Pseudo/Moist/Saturated Adiabatic Process
There is no change in temperature when water vapour condenses to a liquid, although heat is released
Closed system with water & dry air 1) Which will initially dominate, condensation or evaporation? 2) Why? 3) How is equilibrium reached
1) Evaporation 2) as it is completely dry, a gradient is formed, mass of air warmer than the air around it so heat rises, 3) eventually, too much water vapor in the air so condenses down
Saturation Vapor Pressure Define
The pressure at which water vapor will condense
What are these phases only dependant on: 1) Evaporation 2) Condensation 3) Saturation Vapor Pressure
1) Temperature 2) Vapor pressure 3) Temperature
Why is SALR always lower than DALR
As temperature decreases with height, saturation also decreases A rising moist parcel will condense out its water vapor Latent heat released, therefor dry & starts to rise again at the DALR
Skew-T Log-P Diagram What denotes: 1) T 2) P 3) What happens when dew point & temperature trace lines meet
1) Temperature 2) Pressure 3) Condensation (forms clouds)
Which can hold more moisture 1) warm or cold air
1) Warm air