CS7: Ethical, Legal & Environmental Impacts [Dodgy]

Software whose source code is open to the public for viewing, modifying and distribution

Advantages: ● Usually free ● maintained by a large community ● encourages collaboration ● encourages rapid development Disadvantages: ● Usually no warranty or guarantee ● May not receive regular updates ● May not have customer support

Software whose source code is not available to the public, but for which a licence to use can be bought

● Modify it ● Copy it ● Redistribute it

Advantages: ● Comes with a warranty or guarantee ● Often has customer support ● Thoroughly tested and reliable ● Easier to install and use for AVG user Disadvantages: ● Source code isn’t available - can’t be fixed or modifies ● Might not do what is wanted ● Can be expensive ● Older versions may not be maintained

If parts of a bigger piece of software are open source, that software must also be open-source, which can make it hard to sell

● The digital divide is the inequality between those who have access to technology and those who don’t ↳ Those without are disadvantaged in education, welfare and career opportunities

● Net neutrality is the idea that every packet is treated with equal priority, making response times equal ↳ Some companies want to pay for ISPs to prioritise their packets over competition ↳ This would destroy net neutrality and allow large rich tech companies to control the internet to a larger extent

● Many electronics are produced abroad in factories with lots of exploited workers. ↳ Consumers often have no choice in what conditions their electronics are produced

When governments restrict what their citizens can access online

Advantages: ● Keeps people safe online ● Blocks illegal content Disadvantages: ● Some censor websites with opposing political views ● Some block communication with other countries

The Data Protection Act (DPA)

• Data must be processed lawfully • Data must be used for its stated purpose • Data must be relevant and adequate • Data must be accurate & up-to-date • Data must not be kept longer than necessary • Data must be used according to the data subject’s rights • Data must be kept safe and secure • Data must not be transferred to a country with a lower level of protection

The Computer Misuse Act (CMA)

● Unauthorised Access ● Unauthorised Modification ↳ Includes creating, obtaining and deploying malware ● Unauthorised access with intent ↳ With intent to commit criminal activity

The Freedom of Information Act (FOI)

● Public bodies must regularly publish certain data ● Members of the public have the right to demand data (such as CCTV footage, Statistics, financial info and activity logs) from public bodies unless ↳ It would harm an individual ↳ It would endanger national security

A common licence framework that allows content creators to permit others to use their work

As long as the creator is credited, the work can be… ● shared ● copied ● modified

Work must be redistributed under the same licence as the original

Works can be used as long as no profit is being made from them

Work can be shared and distributed, but not modified

The Copyright Designs and Patents Act

A legislation that automatically applies to any physically-expressed original work. It makes it illegal to: ● Copy material ● Share material ● Use unlicensed software ● plagiarise someone’s original work