The Particulate Nature of Matter.
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Substances can be found in three states. Name them.
Substances can be solids, liquids or gases.
What is all matter made of of?
All matter is made up of particles.
Three types of particles make up most matter - Name them.
Three types of particles make up most matter - atoms, molecules and ions.
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest particle that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a particle of two or more atoms joined together.
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge.
What is the shape, volume, and density of a solid-like, and can it flow?
• Definite shape and volume. • High density. • Cannot flow.
What is the shape, volume, and density of a liquid-like, and can it flow?
• Definite volume. • Takes the shape of the container. • Moderate to high density. • Can flow.
What are the shape, volume, and density of a gas-like?
• No definite volume. • Spreads everywhere throughout its container. • Low density.
Answer the following about solids: - Attractive forces. - Arrangement. - Motion. - Proximity.
• Strong forces of attraction between particles. • Fixed and regular pattern. • Atoms vibrate in position. • Packed closely together.
Answer the following about liquid: - Attractive forces. - Arrangement. - Motion. - Proximity.
• Weaker attractive forces in liquids than in solids. • Irregular, unfixed pattern. • Particles can move and slide past each other. • Particles are close together.
Answer the following about gases: - Attractive forces. - Arrangement. - Motion. - Proximity.
• No attractive forces. • Particles move everywhere rapidly. • Particles are in random movement. • Particles are far apart.
State the compressibility of the following: - Solids. - Liquids. - Gases.
• Not compressible. • Not compressible. • Compressible.
What is melting?
Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid at a constant temperature.
What energy does melting require and what does it transform into?
Requires heat energy which transforms into kinetic energy, allowing the particles to move.
What temperature does melting occur at?
Occurs at a specific temperature known as the melting point.
What is boiling?
Boiling is when a liquid changes into a gas at a constant temperature.
What does boiling require and what does it form?
Requires heat which causes bubbles of gas to form below the surface of a liquid, allowing for liquid particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid.
What temperature does boiling occur at?
Occurs at a specific temperature known as the boiling point.
What is freezing?
Freezing is when a liquid changes into a solid.
What does freezing require?
Requires a significant decrease in temperature (or loss of thermal energy).
Define evaporation.
When a liquid changes into a gas.
Where does evaporation occur? Explain your answer.
Evaporation occurs only at the surface of liquids where high-energy particles can escape from the liquid’s surface at low temperatures, below the b.p. of the liquid.
How can evaporation be sped up?
The larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid/surface, the more quickly a liquid can evaporate.