Topic 3 - REDOX
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What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom (of an element) to attract a pair of bonding electrons
How does electronegativity change going up a group?
• Increases up group • Fewer electron shells • Therefore, less distance and shielding
How does electronegativity change across a period?
• Increases across period • Increasing nuclear charge • Similar distance and shielding
What are oxidation numbers?
Numbers for atoms/ions that say how many electrons the atom/ion has lost control of
What is the oxidation number of iron(II)?
• Charge: Fe 2+ • Oxidation number: +2
What is the oxidation number of the chlorate in ClO4 - and how is it written?
+7 Chlorate (VII)
What is the oxidation number of the chlorate in ClO3 - and how is it written?
+5 Chlorate (V)
What is an oxyanion?
An anion containing oxygen
What is the oxidation number of carbon in CO3 2-?
+4
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in NO3 -?
+5
What does oxidation mean?
• Loss of electrons • Higher oxidation number
What does reduction mean?
• Gain of electrons • Decreased oxidation number
What is a redox reaction?
Where one element is oxidised and one element is reduced
What is an oxidising agent?
Something that causes oxidation by taking away electrons
What is a reducing agent?
Something that causes reduction by giving electrons
What is a disproportionation reaction?
A reaction where one element in one species is both oxidised and reduced