Module 4

Compounds that are low solubility in water. (generally non-polar Energy storage, structural components in biological membranes, signals and cofactors

O at the end of the M shaped carbon

Fatty acids, triacylglycerol, waxes

phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol

Phospholipid derivatives, steroid hormanes, eicosanoids, lipid soluble vitamins(Vit A)

almost have an even number of carbon bonds, most natural fatty acids are unbranched

no double bonds between carbons in the chains

one double bond between carbons in the alkyl chain

more than one double bond in the alkyl chain

Melting point increase, solubility decrease.

Usually a fully extended conformation, almost a crystalline array stabilized by extensive hydrophobic interactions of the hydrocarbon chain. Longer chain need more energy to disrupt packing

Usually cis configuration, usually not conjugated, pack less orderly due to the disorder. Takes lesser energy to disrupt chain

Formed by dehydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid, increase shelf life or stability at high temperature of oil.

allow fatty acid to adopt extended conformation, packed more regularly and show higher melting points than cis forms. rise of cardiovascular disease

essential nutrients ALA, DHA and EPA 3rd carbon from the end

6th carbon from the end

3 fatty acids are identical e.g. tristearin, triolein

fatty acids differs

-hydrophobic -provide stored energy and insulation Adventages -Higher energy yield than oxidation of other fuel sources such as starch or glycogen -Not hydrated (lighter)

reduce compounds: lots of available energy through oxidation -hydrophobic nature : good packing

Low thermal conductivity high heat capacity mechanical protection

yes, hydrophobic nature

Glycolipid, oligosaccharide chans of glycoprotein, GPI-anchored protein

Sterol, integral protein(through the inner and outer), peripheral protein(both inner and outer)