Topic 8
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What is a Bronsted Lowry acid?
Proton donor
What is a Bronsted Lowy base?
A proton acceptor
What is a lewis acid?
Electron acceptor
What is a lewis base?
Electron donor
What must a BL base always have?
Lone pair of electrons
Write an equation using the BL theory for the dissolving of NH3 in water
NH3(aq)+H20(l)–NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) NH3= BL base H20= BL acid
What is the definition for conjugate acid base pairs?
Two species that differ by a single proton
What does every BL reaction have?
Two conjugate acid base pairs
Dissociation of NH3 in water with conjugate acid base pairs
General equation for a BL reaction
Acid 1 + Base 2 – Base 1 + Acid 2
What are thermometric titrations?
• When an unknown concentration is added to a base of known volume and concentration • Can be carried out to determine the concentration of a solution • Temp of the mixture is recorded as the acid is added and results are plotted on a graph
Difference between monoprotic and diprotic acids?
Monoprotic = donates one proton Diprotic = Donates 2
Examples of 2 monoprotic acids
HCl and HNO3
Example of a diprotic acid
H2SO4
How to calculate the pH of a monoprotic acid?
pH = -log[H+} Use the concentration of the acid as the H+
Calculate the pH of a 0.100moldm-3 solution of HCl
Hcl(aq) –H+(aq)+Cl-(aq) pH = -log {H+] pH= -log{0.100} = 1.00
Where does equilibrium lie for strong acids and bases?
To the right
Where does equilibrium lie for weak acids and bases?
To the left
What are amphiprotic series?
Can act as both a BL acid and base
Reactions of acids (5)
Acid + metal hydroxide – Salt+ water Acid+ metal oxide – Salt + water Acid + metal carbonate – Salt+ water+CO2 Acid+metal – Salt + hydrogen Acid+ metal hydrogen carbonate – salt+ water+ co2
Features of the pH scale
• measures how basic or acidic a substance is -logarithmic scale -change in one pH unit is 10 times the change in H+ ions -
What is the ionic product constant of water?
KW =(H+)(OH-)
What is a monoprotic acid? + examples
An acid that donates one proton ( HCl, HNO3)
What is a diprotic acid?
An acid that donates 2 protons ( H2SO4)