P10 - FORCES AND MOTION
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What is Newton’s Second Law (momentum)
F = ma Resultant force = mass x acceleration N = kg * m/s2
What is the formula for acceleration?
Acceleration = force / mass
What is the formula for mass?
Mass = force / acceleration
What is inertia?
The tendency of an object to stay at rest, or continue at a terminal velocity.
What is the formula for inertial mass?
m = F / a
What is the formula for weight?
Mass x gravity W = mg
What is terminal velocity?
Moving at a constant speed
What are the variables for the 2nd Law practical?
Independent - the masses on either the trolley or the hook Dependent - the acceleration of the trolley Controlled - mass of the trolley / mass of the hook
How do you conduct the R.P. on F = ma?
• Connect the light gate sensor to a data logger to record acceleration. This will be the dependent variable. • Connect the trolley to the pulley and connect the pulley to the hook. • Record the initial masses of the trolley / hook. • Make sure the starting distance for the trolley is a controlled variable by drawing a line. Furthermore, use the same trolley. • Release the trolley carefully. • Record the acceleration, and repeat twice for reliability and an average, • Repeat with either a different mass of the trolley or a different pulling force on the hook depending on investigation.
What is thinking distance - give factors?
How far a car travels during a driver’s reaction to a situation. Factors are speed, intoxication levels
What is braking distance - give factors?
How far a car travels after a driver applies the brakes. Factors are: Speed, terrain, weather, tyres
What is the formula for kinetic energy?
𝐸k=1/2𝑚𝑣2
Write the formula linking force, distance and work done.
Work done = force x distance J = N x m
Formula for thinking distance
Speed of vehicle * reaction time
Formula for stopping distance
Thinking + braking
Formula for momentum
p = mv
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
In a closed system, the total momentum preceding an event equals the total momentum succeeding the event.
Why is car safety important?
Newton’s 2nd Law. When the time is increased, the acceleration is decreased of impact, thus decreasing the resultant force.
What is an elastic collision?
A collision where Ek is fully conserved, which is impossible. This is where objects separate.
What is an inelastic collision?
When objects stick together and Ek isn’t conserved.
Hooke’s law formula
Pulling force = spring constant x extension F = kx OR F = ke
How proportional are x and F?
Direct
What is plastic deformation?
Permanent deformation
Elastic deformation
When the force making the object extend is removed, it returns to its original shape.