MIDTERM

arose on earth via the process of natural selection and has been evolving on earth over geological time for many years

• the science of biodiversity - the merge of taxonomy and phylogenetics

Edward O. Wilson

genes species ecosystem

• can be the biodiversity of a region on earth or the whole earth ie. habitats or ecosystems or a specific species • individuals that make up the population has genetic variation (small or large)

• species interact to form communities and habitats that come together to form even larger group = ecosystem • don’t survive in isolation, they have to have a habitat (communities) -> if no habitat/ecosystem then no biodiversity • communities interact w/ abiotic factors (sunlight, water) to form habitat that leads to ecosystems • is one or more populations, living in the wild, in nature • individual members of a specie shave characteristics in common, but differences as well = all have variation

1986 idea was formed but in print by 1988 - basically its relatively new

the sum of the biological community and its environment (abiotic factors as well - sun, water, soil)

• major terrestrial ecosystems are called biomes, described on the basis of their predominant vegetation (life zones) • characteristics in an area that defines the biome

indigenous peoples have extensive knowledge of local biodiversity they utilize and co-exist with

~1.8 million known species (described species w/ scientific name, including prokaryotes) ~1.1 million insects & relatives (arthropods) ~9 million, not including bacteria (eukaryotic species, not including prokaryotes)

hexapoda (metazoa): 900 000 crustacea, millipedes, etc.: 120 000 arachnida: 80 000 mollusca: 100 000 remaining metazoa (other invertebrates, vertebrata): 100 000 fungi: 100 000 plants (inc. green&red algae): 300 000 all reamaining taxa (bacteria, brown algae, diatoms, etc.) : 100 000

hexapoda arachnida fungi - approx 7 million across all taxa

tropics = tropic of cancer and capricorn concentrated at tropical rainforests

• study of taxa; discovery and describing of new taxa - building phylogenetic classifications

study of evolutionary history; started by darwin outcome of evolutionary theory

• species, genus, family, order, etc. basically a group part of the same lineage • all decedents of a common ancestor • evolutionary lineage

organizing system of taxa within taxa = a hierarchy carl liinnaeus

domain kingdom phylum (phyla) class order family genus species

a system of 2 names carl linnaeus

= binomial name GENUS + SPECIFIC EPITHET + surname of author italicized, underlined, or in quotes - genus is capitalized - specific epithet is lower case

list of rules that must be followed by scientists

last name of researcher(s) that named the new species can be abbreviated - Linnaeus = L .

species concepts: • biological species concept (BSC) • morphological species concept (MSC)