Science Vocab Part 3

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.

process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water

energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light

a substance composed of 2 or more metals

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

A gene variant

The ability of an object to float

A cell that carries the genes of both parents

The tendency of a body to remain at rest

hold enzymes. Lysosomes digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

are organelles that act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-rich molecules (ATP) for the cell

acts as the brain of the cell. It contains the cell’s DNA, or the genetic information, from which proteins are made

A type of RNA found in cells. mRNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins

is the process of transcribing or making a copy of the genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

also known as ‘survival of the fittest.’ In a specific environment, traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common

are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Sunlight can pass through them as it goes towards the earth, but greenhouse gases prevent the heat sunlight produces at Earth’s surface from leaving the atmosphere. This mean the heat stays close to Earth, increasing the planet’s temperature.

is the process where plants capture sunlight to make food for themselves

s when cells break down molecules into a type of energy they can use

is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. All you need to know is that a pH of below 7 is acidic, above 7 is basic, and at 7 is considered neutral.