Animal Nutrition

-water -carbohydrates -protein -lipids -vitamins -minerals

-the cheapest, most abundant, and most essential nutrient -needed in the largest quantity -animals consume free water

-besides water, required in the largest quantity in the diet -comprised of 60-80% of dry matter consumed by animals -monosaccharides=easy to digest -disaccharides=little easy to digest -polysaccharides=hardest to digest

-aka fats -characterized by their high energy value -insoluble in water -require little oxygen for tissue maintenance

-molecules made up of nitrogen -found in both meat and plant products -have a nitrogen concentration of 16%

-organic compounds that do not provide energy to the body -must be provided through the animal’s diet (except for ruminant animals) -fat and water soluble vitamins

-aka ash -inorganic elements that are essential for physiological functions in the body -needed in small quantities -mineral matter constitutes about 4% of an animal’s body weight -there are 21 essential minerals

-include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, and chloride -needed in large quantities; greater than 0.01% of diet -can not be added to the diet in elemental form

-aka trace minerals -include manganese, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, molybdenum, and chromium -needed in small quantities; less than 0.01% of diet -can not be added to the diet in elemental form

-associated with fat during digestion and absorption -stored in the liver and adipose tissue -excess storage leads to toxicity -not required to consume daily -vitamins A, D, E, K

-soluble in water and excess is excreted through urine -body doesn’t store vitamins so toxicity is less likely -required to consume daily -deficiency is rapid -8 B vitamins and vitamin C

Taking in feed or water

Reduction of feed particle size (chewing)

Transfer of substances from the GI tract to the circulating blood or lymph system

Removal of wastes from the body

Any feed constituent that aids in the support of life

Lack of proper nutrition

The proportion of a substance that is able to be absorbed into general circulation

-phenylalanine -valine -tryptophan -threonine -isoleucine -methionine -histidine -arginine -leucine -lysine