Ch.10
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Alcohol
a compound in which a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon has been replaced by a hydroxyl group -OH
Alcohol
• Find the longest chain containing the carbon atom bearing the -OH group • Drop the e and add -o
What has priority numbering, alcohols or doubles?
Alcohol
Diols
An organic compound that contains two alcohol groups
Phenol
An organic compound with a hydroxyl group bonded directly to an aromatic ring
5 Carbon Rule
for every 5 carbons you need one alcohol for it to dissolve in water
Acidity decreases when the number of carbons attached to an alcohol ______
increases
Halogens and other electron-withdrawing groups _______ acidity of alcohols
increase
Hindered alcohols react faster with ______ than with ______
potassium sodium
sodium hydride is a ______ base than sodium and potassium
stronger
A Phenol is ________ times more acidic than cyclohexanol
100 million
Charge dislocation makes a molecule ____ stable, and _____ acidic
What metals does carbon typically bond to. What is it good for forming? What does C act as
Mg, Li Good for forming carbon-carbon bonds Nucleophile
Do Grignard Reagents like water?
NO MAAM
What form does an organomagnesium halide take?
R-Mg-X
What solvents do grignard reactions (Mg) use?
Ethers
What form does an organomagnesium reagent take
R-Li
What solves does grignard reactions (Li) use?
A wide variety of solvents, ether is not required
If a molecule is chiral, what does it need?
Wedges and Dashes
Grignards are good nucleophiles but in the presence of ________ it will act as a strong base
acidic protons
What does sodium borohydride (NaBH4) react with
carbonyls of aldehydes or ketones, NOT WITH ESTERS OR CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
What does LIthium Aluminum HYdride (LiAlH4) react with
Reduces ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids into alcohols
What reduces aldehydes?
NaBH4, LiAlH4
What reduces ketones?
NaBH4, LiAlH4