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Four functions of an operating system:
• Processor management • Memory management • Storage management • Network management
Low level language:
• Code is not translated using a compiler • Code can directly manipulate computer registers
It is a program translator Assembler:
Translates assembly language into machine code.
How does an interpreter work:
• Interpreters don’t produce machine code, so the program needs to be translated each time it’s executed. • They call machine code subroutines withhin their own code to carry out their commands • Translates a line at a time, which it then executes • If a runtime error is found, the interpreter stops
Why do computers have more RAM than cache memory?
• RAM is cheaper • Cache memory is not enough to store both data and programs
Two advantages of using cloud storage, rather than local storage:
• Cloud storage is automatically backed up by the host • Allows user to access their data from more devices
Many new computers use solid-state storage for secondary storage rather than magnetic storage. Explain why solid-state storage is not fitted to every new computer.
• SSD’s are expensive • They have a lower capacity than magnetic hard drives
Sample resolution:
Number of bits per sample
Differences between a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN):
• LAN’s and WAN’s use different protocols • WAN’s are slower than LAN’s • WAN’s have a larger number of users
Give three advantages of using a wireless network instead of a wired network:
• Users can move around whilst using their device • Able to add users/devices to the network • No need to install cabling • BUT, BANDWITH IS LOWER THAN WIRED NETWORKS
System software:
Controls computer hardware
Application software:
Is for ending user tasks e.g social media application or gaming software
Network protocols:
A set of rules for how devices communicate and how data is transmitted. Covers how communication between two devices should start and end.
Security measures:
• Two-factor authentification, asks for a second form of identification • Biometrics- biometrics is unique to the individual, prevents hackers
Why might data be compressed?
• Reduces file size • Uses less memory
Relational database
A database with multiple tables that are linked together. ADVANTAGES- reduces data inconstistency - Saves storage space
Foreign key:
A field that references the primary key in a different table.
What are the equations of file size?
• File size (in bits)- image size * colour depth • File size (in bits)- Sample rate (Hz) * sample resolution * length (s)
Network protocol 1- the APPLICATION LAYER:
Sends web pages, using an encrypted connection(e.g. http/s).
Network protocols 2- the TRANSPORT LAYER:
Sets up communication between two devices, splits data into packets, checks if packets are correctly sent and delivered (e.g. TCP).
Network protocols 3- the INTERNET LAYER:
Adds IP adress to packets, directing them between devices. Used by routers (e.g. IP)
Network protocols 4- the LINK LAYER:
Passes data over the physical network. Responsible for how data is sent as electrical signals over cables (e.g. wifi)
Increase sampling rate- effects:
• The file size would increase • The more samples means that the sound would be recoded at a higher quality
RAM
• Is used for main memory • Is used for volatile memory • Temporary storage of instructions and data • Holds information being executed by the processor • Much faster than the hard disk