Structure 2.2 - Covalent

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What is a covalent bond?

Back (Answer)

electrostatic attraction of the positive nucleii for the region of negatively charged high electron density

Front (Question)

How will atoms in a covalent bond achieve a lower energy state?

Back (Answer)

sharing electrons and acquiring a full valence shell

Front (Question)

What happens to the bond length as the number of bonds increases?

Back (Answer)

bond length decreases since increasing numbers of electron pairs shared causes the positive nucleii to come closer

Front (Question)

What is the octet rule?

Back (Answer)

the filling of the valence shell to achieve 8 electrons

Front (Question)

What is the bond energy?

Back (Answer)

a measure of the strength of the electrostatic force of attraction between the atoms energy required to break the bond

Front (Question)

Which are stronger, pi or sigma bonds, and why?

Back (Answer)

sigma are stronger, in a pi bond the electrostatic attraction is off the axis

Front (Question)

What are the consequences of pi bonds being weaker?

Back (Answer)

they are more reactive eg: enable alkenes and alkynes to undergo a wide range of chemical reactions by addition

Front (Question)

What are carboxylic acids?

Back (Answer)

homologous series of organic chemicals with the carboxyl group

Front (Question)

What is the carboxyl group?

Back (Answer)

COOH

#10

Front (Question)

What are the consequences of hybridisation?

Back (Answer)

bonds become shorter, more stable, and more difficult to break

#11

Front (Question)

What are electron domains?

Back (Answer)

regions of high electron density surrounding an atom

#12

Front (Question)

4 electron domains, no lone pairs

Back (Answer)

Tetrahedral 109.5

#13

Front (Question)

4 electron domains, 1 lone pair

Back (Answer)

Trigonal pyramidal 107

#14

Front (Question)

4 electron domains, 2 lone pairs

Back (Answer)

Bent 104.5

#15

Front (Question)

4 electron domains is always in electron domain geometry

Back (Answer)

tetrahedral

#16

Front (Question)

3 electron domains, no lone pairs

Back (Answer)

Trigonal planar 120

#17

Front (Question)

2 electron domains

Back (Answer)

Linear 180

#18

Front (Question)

3 electron domains, one lone pair

Back (Answer)

Non-linear bent 117

#19

Front (Question)

What shapes exist in E.D geometry?

Back (Answer)

ONLY tetrahedral trigonal planar linear (diatomic)

#20

Front (Question)

How does the expansion of the octet occur?

Back (Answer)

elements in the 3rd and lower periods of the p block can promote one or more electrons from a doubly filled s/p orbital into an unfilled d orbital

#21

Front (Question)

5 electron domains, no lone pairs

Back (Answer)

trigonal bipyramidal 120 and 90

#22

Front (Question)

5 electron domains, 1 lone pair

Back (Answer)

seesaw <90 <120

#23

Front (Question)

5 electron domains, 2 lone pairs

Back (Answer)

T-shape <90

#24

Front (Question)

5 electron domains, 3 lone pairs

Back (Answer)

Linear 180