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Thermodynamics 2

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Back (Answer)

The entropy of the universe tends to increase S > 0

#2
Front (Question)

Entropy

Back (Answer)

dS = dQ/T

#3
Front (Question)

S total

Back (Answer)

S total = Ssystem + Ssurroundings Stotal = dSh + dSc = -Qc/Th + Qc/Tc = Qc(Th-Tc)/Th•Tc

#4
Front (Question)

The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics Nernst heat theorem

Back (Answer)

The entropy S of all perfect crystalline substances is the same at absolute zero

#5
Front (Question)

Entropy change at the transition

Back (Answer)

dS = dH/T

#6
Front (Question)

Difference in entropy

Back (Answer)

S2 - S1 = dH/T = Cp(dT/T) = Cp(lnT)

#7
Front (Question)

Calculate absolute entropy

Back (Answer)

dS = n(Cp/T)dt at constant P

#8
Front (Question)

Debye Extrapolation

Back (Answer)

At low T, Cv = Cp = aT^3

#9
Front (Question)

Joule’s Law

Back (Answer)

The internal energy of a perfect gas depends only on the temperature

#10
Front (Question)

Ideal gasses and solutions

Back (Answer)

dUt = 0 (dU/dV) = 0

#11
Front (Question)

Joule’s Law

Back (Answer)

(dU/dV)t = (dU/dP)t = dU/dT

#12
Front (Question)

Gay-Lussac’s law

Back (Answer)

The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature, if the pressure remains constant

#13
Front (Question)

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Back (Answer)

(V2/V1)p = (T2/T1)p

#14
Front (Question)

Boyle-Mariotte’s Law

Back (Answer)

The volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure, if the temperature remains constant

#15
Front (Question)

Endothermic thermochemistry

Back (Answer)

If heat is absorbed during a reaction, dH and dU are positive, and the reaction is said to be endothermic.

#16
Front (Question)

Exothermic thermochemistry

Back (Answer)

If heat is given off, dH and dU are negative, and the reaction is exothermic

#17
Front (Question)

Hess’s Law

Back (Answer)

If a reaction can be broken down into a number of steps, dH of the overall process is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes in each step

#18
Front (Question)

Standard heat of formation

Back (Answer)

The standard enthalpy of formation of compounds at 1 atm and 25 Celsius, and the substance is in a stable physical state under these conditions. It is 0 for elements

#19
Front (Question)

Standard enthalpy of reaction

Back (Answer)

The difference in enthalpy beteeen the products and the reactants, when both products and reactants are in their standard state at 298K

#20
Front (Question)

Gives free energy

Back (Answer)

G = H - TS

#21
Front (Question)

If dG < 0

Back (Answer)

Then the reaction is spontaneous

#22
Front (Question)

If dG > 0

Back (Answer)

Then the reaction is not spontaneous

#23
Front (Question)

If dG = 0

Back (Answer)

Then the system is in a state of equilibrium

#24
Front (Question)

If dS > 0 & dH <0

Back (Answer)

Spontaneous at all temperatures