carbohydrates II
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a metabolic disorders characterized with hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin receptor a. diabetes mellitus b. reye syndrome c. pancreatic disorders
diabetes mellitus
in severe dm the ratio of beta- hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate a. 6:1 b. 1:6 c. 8:1 d. 1:8
6:1
___________ develops in DM from excessive synthesis of acetyl -coa a. polyuria b. polydipsia c. ketosis d. type 1 dm
ketosis
insulin resistance a. type 1 dm b. type 2 dm
pathogenesis type 1 - beta cells destruction type 2 - insulin resistance
absolute deficiency of insulin caused by autoimmune attack of beta cells o the pancreas a. type 1 dm b, type 2 dm c. gdm
type 1
due to metabolic and hormonal changes a. type 1 dm b. type 2 dm c. gdm
gestational dm
ogtt should be performed after an overnight ___________ fast a. 7-14 hours b. 6-12 hours c. 8-14 hours d. 10-12 hpurs
ogtt should be performed after an overnight 8-14 hours fast
before an ogtt is performed individuals should ingest _______ preceding the tests a. > 125 g of carbs/ day b. >150 g of carbs per days c. <140g of carbs per day d. > 200g of carbs per day
before an ogtt is performed individuals should ingest >150g of carbohydrate / day for 3 days preceding the tests
FBG is measured right before the administration of glucose load. a FBG of ____________ necessities that the test be stopped immediately a. >120mg/dl b. > 140mg/dl c. >200mg/dl d. >100mg/dl
FBG is measured right before the administration of glucose load. a FBG of >140mg/dl necessities that the test be stopped immediately
diagnostic test for hypoglycemia a. 2hr ogtt b. 5hr ogtt c. hba1c d. fructosamine
hypoglycemia • 5hr ogtt • 72 hr fasting • normal individuals can maintainblood glucose level at normal levels within 3 days
what test is used for detection of GDM a. glycosylated hemoglobin b. glycated albumin c. oral glucose tolerance tests d. fbs
ogtt use: detection of GDM
fasting glucose in WHOLE BLOOD is ___________ than in serum or plasma a. 10-15% lower b. 10-15% higher c. 8-15% lower d. 7% higher
> fasting glucose in WHOLE BLOOD 10- 15% LOWER than plasma or serum > VENOUS blood glucose is 7mg/dl LOWER than capillary blood. capillary blood glucose is same with arterial blood
CSF glucose concentrations should be approximately ______of the plasma concentrations a. 70% b. 50% c. 60% d. 10%
CSF glucose concentrations should be approximately 60-70% of the plasma concentrations pg - 100mg/dl csf - 60-70 mg/dl
glucose and other carbohydrates are capable of converting cupric ions in alkaline soln to cuprous ions a. chemical method b, enzymatic method
chemical method a. Oxidation reduction md 1. alkaline copper reduction md a. folin wu md b. nelson somogyi md c. neocupreine md d. benedict’s md ( modified folin wu) • alkaline ferric reduction md b. condensation md ortho- toluidine (dubowski md)
which of the ff md has a principle of reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ion to form cuprous oxide in hot alkaline by glucose a, alkaline copper reduction md b. alkaline ferric reduction md c. condensation md d. hexokinase md
alkaline copper reduction md principle : cupric ions to cuprous ion forming cuprous oxide by HOT ALKALINE BY GLUCOSE
which of the methods in alkaline copper reducing method uses stabilizing agent citrate or tartrate a. folin wu b. neocupreine c. nelson somogyi d. benedicts md
folin wu - phosphomolybdate nelson somogyi - arsenomolybdate benedict’s md( modified folin wu) • detection and quantitation of reducing subs in body fluids • uses citrate or tartrate as stabilizing agent
most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D- GLUCOSE a. hexokinase md b. glucose oxidase md c. condensation md d. folin wu md
glucose oxidase md • most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D- GLUCOSE • reaction can be measured in 2 ways: • COLORIMETRIC METHOD • POLAROGRAPHIC METHOD
the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from reforming oxygen by adding a. molybdate b. iodide c. catalase d. ethanol
aotaaaaaa the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from reforming oxygen by adding (MICE) molybdate iodide catalase ethanol
most accurate and reference method a. hexokinase md b. glucose oxidase md c. condensation md d. folin wu md
hexokinase md MORE ACCURATE than glucose oxidase md g6pdh is highly specific only method uses nadph reference md false (+) in hemolysis