Chapter 18
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Serum
The clear fluid obtained when the erythrocytes and fibrin clot are removed from a blood sample
Plasma
The fluid portion of the circulating blood in which the cellular elements are suspended
Thrombus
A blood clot formed in a vessel or a heart chamber
Embolus
A clot of blood or other material that obstructs a blood vessel
Plasma: composition
Water: 92% Proteins: 90% of solids are proteins Non-protein organic matter: 1.5% Inorganic Matter: 0.8%
Plasma Proteins: produced by liver
Albumin: majority. Carrier. Large capacity low affinity Fibrinogen: helps with clotting Globulins: alpha and beta are carriers, gamma is antibodies
Plasma Protein Functions
Maintaining osmotic pressure carriers Immune function
Non-protein organic matter
Lipids: nutritive substance Glucose: energy source Cholesterol Hormones and enzymes: digestive process Non protein nitrogenous material
Inorganic matter
Chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates all form to make salts Function: maintain proper ph Buffers Osmotic pressure Cell metabolism
Blood clotting: stages
• Thrombokinase activated • Thrombokinase+calcium+prothrombin = thrombin • thrombin+fibrinogen=fibrin (clot)…protein
Blood clotting: anticoagulants
Produced by liver and basophils Heparin: WBC, produced by liver, inhibits clotting Citrates&oxalates:cheating agents…tie up mineral (calcium) stops thrombin formation Dicoumarol: mold off sweet clover…interferes with production of prothrombin…prevents clots
Thrombus
Clot framing within a vessel
Thrombosis
Process of clot forming in vessel
Embolus
Clot is relocated from original position
Embolism
Act of clot moving around