5.3
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Definition of learning
Learning is a relatively permanent change brought about by experience
Definition of performance
Temporary occurrence which fluctuates over time. If it changes over time it suggests learning has taken place.
Difference between learning and performance
Learning is a relatively permanent change brought about by experience while performance is a temporary occurrence and fluctuates
What are the three stages of learning
Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
Cognitive learning phase
The first stage of learning. Performer must focus on the basic fundamentals of the skill. Lots of trial and error and the performer will require demonstrations explanations and feedback from coaches.
Associative learning phase
The second stage of learning. The performer understands how to complete the skill and needs to focus on eliminating mistakes and improve memory trace between STM AND LTM A vast improvement occurs as the performers accuracy, consistency and fluency improves.
Autonomous learning stage
The final stage of learning. Performer has embedded motor program into memory and can perform skill with little thought Athlete now focuses on how to use this new skill to improve performance eg a skill move in football This stage of learning isn’t permanent and requires the athlete to continue to practice
What are the four types of learning curves
Linear, Positive and Negative and Plateau
Linear learning curve
Practice is successful, motivation and focus is high with positive coach interactions.
Positive accelerated learning curve
The skill is slowly grasped and motivation grows and the athlete see an improvement
Negative accelerated learning curve
Initial high level of progress but is levelled out due to motivation decrease, fatigue or lack of coach feedback
Plateau
Initial learning is fast but a plateau occurs down to lack of motivation, injury, lack of practice or the skill progression is to complex
The 7 factors that affect the rate of learning
Physical maturation and fitness, Age, Difficulty of task, Teaching environment, motivation and coaches
How does physical maturation affect learning
Younger learners struggle processing information and will make a larger number of mistakes. As a learner matures motor plans are generated
How does physical fitness affect learning
The level of fitness of an athlete can impact performance as a leaner can make decisions more effectively if they aren’t fatigued
How does Age affect learning
Physical Maturation, Emotional maturation and will affect progress. This hits a peak in the twenties
How does difficulty of task affect learning
Progress is slower for complex tasks and the desired progress is only achieved if the athlete is motivated enough
How does Teaching environment affect learning
A safe teaching enviroment with limited distractions will have faster and more sustained progress because the athlete is focused.
How does motivation affect learning
The strength of intrinsic motivation of an athlete is important in the rate of learning
How does coaches affect learning
A coaching style might suit some athletes more than others depends on the relationship between coach and athlete.
Definition of transfer
The influence of learning of one skill on the learning of another skill
Can transfer of skills be positive and negative
YES Positive transfer- Learning of another skills assists with the learning of another Negative transfer- Learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill
What are the 6 types of transfer
Skill to Skill, Practice to Performance, Abilities to skill, Bilateral, Stage to Stage and Principles to Skills
Skill to skill with positive and negative example
Learning one skill and being able to transfer it to another skill Positive- Racket sport being able to transfer hand eye coordination Negative- Bent elbow in front crawl but straight arm bowling in cricket