C7.1 - Acids and Bases
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What are acids? [2]
• substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water • resulting in a pH less than 7
What is pH? [2]
• a number • shows how acidic or basic a solution is
What are bases? [2]
• substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water • resulting in a pH greater than 7
What is the reaction between acid + metal? [2]
acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen gas
What is the reaction between acid + base? [2]
acid + base –> salt + water
What is the reaction between an acid + base called and what is it? [2]
• neutralisation • chemical reaction
What is the reaction between acid + carbonate? [2]
acid + carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is a Base? [2]
• usually oxides or hydroxides of metals
What are alkalis? [1]
• bases that are soluble in water
What is the reaction between base + acid? [2]
base + acid –> salt + water
What is the reaction between base + ammonium salts? [2]
base + ammonium salt –> salt + water + ammonia gas
What are acids defined as? [1]
proton donors
What are alkalis defined as? [1]
proton acceptors
What type of bonding is expected in acids? [1]
covalent bonds
What type of bonding is expected in alkalines? [1]
ionic bonds
What is an ionic bond? [2]
the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is a covalent bond? [2]
shared pair of electrons between two atoms
All ___ are ___ but not all ___ are ___. [4]
• alkalis • bases • bases • alkalis
What is the pH for acids? [1]
<7
What is the pH for alkalines? [1]
> 7
Why is a H+ ion a proton? [2]
• hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron • when it loses the electron only the proton is left
What is a strong acid? [2]
• an acid that completely dissociates in an aqueous solution • all of its molecules break apart into ions
What is a weak acid? [2]
• an acid that only partially dissociates in an aqueous solution • only some of its molecules break apart into ions
What is an example of a strong and weak acid? [2]
• strong: HCl • weak: ethanoic acid