Alcohols, Diols, Thiols
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are alcohols ?
Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups
What is the most common and useful compound in nature, in industry, and around the house ?
Alcohol
Ethyl alcohol was considered to be what?
The essence of wine
Where is ethyl alcohol found in?
Alcoholic beverages, cosmetics, and drug preparations
What is methyl alcohol used as ?
A fuel and solvent
What is isopropyl alcohol use for ?
As a skin cleanser for injections and minor cuts
What are alcohols with two OH groups called ?
Diols or glycols
What does the term glycol generally mean ?
1,2 - diol or vicinal diol
How are glycols usually synthesized ?
By the hydroxylation of alkenes, using peroxyacids, osmium tetroxide, or potassium permanganate
What are phenols ?
Compounds in which an OH group is directly attached to an aromatic ring
How do phenols differ from alcohols ?
Phenols are more acidic in water
What alcohols are liquid at room temperature ?
11 to 12 carbon atoms
Which alcohols are heavier but still fruity odors ?
Higher alcohols
What are the two important intermolecular forces es responsible for the boiling point of alcohols ?
Hydrogen bonding Dipole-dipole attractions
Which is the major intermolecular attraction responsible for ethanols high boiling point ?
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-dipole attractions also contribute to what ?
To the relatively high boiling points of alcohols and ethers
Explain the solubility of alcohols in water
Alcohols form hydrogen bonds with water, and several of the lower-molecular-weight alcohols are miscible with water
When does the water solubility of alcohol decrease?
When the alkyl group becomes larger
What is the use of methanol ?
Industrial solvent Preparation of methyl ethers, methyl esters and other compounds used in plastic, medicine, fuels and solvents
Why is methanol most common industrial solvent ?
Cheap Relatively less toxic Dissolves a wide variety of polar and non polar substances
What is ethanol used for ?
Excellent solvent of low toxicity that is cheap to produce Good motor fuel Ingredient in many mouthwashes
What are both ethanol and propane-2-ol used for?
Topical antiseptic
How is alkoxide ion formed ?
By removing the hydroxyl proton from alcohol by reduction with active metal such as sodium or potassium
The reactivity of alcohols towards sodium and potassium decreases in what order ?
Methyl Primary Secondary Tertiary