DNA Manipulation
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What is gene technology?
It is a broad field which includes analysis of DNA as well as genetic engineering and other forms of genetic modification
What does GMO stand for?
Genetically modified organisms
What does genetic engineering refer to?
Refers to the artificial manipulation of genes: adding or subtracting genes or changing the ways genes work
How can gene technologies benefit humanity?
• increasing crop population • increasing livestock production • preventing/ fighting disease • reducing pollution and waste
What is recombinant DNA?
a piece of DNA that has been altered by adding a new section of DNA usually from a different organism
What do restriction enzymes allow?
Allows genetic engineers to cut up DNA in a controlled way
Where does a restriction enzyme cut?
At the specific recognition site
An example of recombinant DNA molecules include molecules formed by?
the splicing of DNA from one species into that of a second species.
Another name for a restriction enzyme is?
Endonuclease
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at particular sequence of bases called the?
Recognition sequence
Amplification of DNA in the polymerase chain reaction requires?
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the enzyme that is used to join fragments of DNA from different sources?
ligase
What is annealing?
When two matching ‘sticky ends’ come together they join by base pairing
What is a plasmid?
Circles of DNA found within bacterial cells
Is the bacterial plasmid seperate from the DNA responsible for the bacterias phenotype?
Yes
What are plasmids used for?
To produce specific proteins for the bacteria
What is electrophoresis?
A technique that seperates large molecules (nucleic acids or protein) on the basis of their size, electric charge and physical properties
What is the gel covered in, in gel electrophoresis?
A buffer solution
What is the purpose of a buffer solution?
• stop gel from melting • allow current to move along the gel • maintain pH of DNA
Do large molecules move faster or slower through the gel?
Slower
What gel is used in electrophoresis?
Agrose gel
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
What is pcr?
A process of DNA replication in a laboratory setting
What does the process of pcr require?
• free nucleotides • original DNA sample • rna/ DNA primers • taq polymerase