Metals
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Where are metals found in the periodic table?
metals are found on the left of the table- to the left of the ladder which starts above aluminium and steps down to the right
List five properties of metals
conducts electricity and heat shiny malleable ductile some are magnetic
Which group is called the alkaline metals?
Group 1 Li Na K Rb
What group is called the Alkaline Earth Metals?
Group 2 Be Mg Ca Sr
What is special about the transistion metals?
They form colourful compounds & They often have more than one valency Fe 2+ and Fe 3+
What group are called the Halogens?
Group 7 F Cl Br I They are all diatomic!
What group is called the noble gases?
Group 0 He Ne Ar Kr they all have a full outer shell and are inert (unreactive)
Name the four metals less reactive than hydrogen in the reactivity series
Hydrogen Copper Silver Platinum Gold- unreactive
Name the five metals more reactive than carbon in the reactivity series
potassium sodiium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon All these metals must be extracted using electrolysis as carbon cannot displace them as it is less reactive
Name the four metals between carbon and hydrogen in the reactivty series
Carbon Zinc Iron Tin :Lead Hydrogen These metals can be extracted from their ores using carbon or coke in a blast furnace
Why can iron be reduced or extracted from its metal ore using coke (carbon)?
Carbon is more reactive than iron Carbon displaces iron iron is reduced
Henry threw some copper into some hydrochloric acid. He expected to see a reaction, some fizzing, but nothing happened. explain why?
copper is less reactive than hydrogen copper cannot displace hydrogen and so it does not react
Describe three properties of the group 1 metal sodium
soft - can be cut with a knife shiny when cut but then quickly reacts and becomes dull low melting point
Finish the general equation reactive metal + water –>
remember the fizzing? reactive metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the chemical reaction between lithium and water?
Li (s) + H2O(l) –> LiOH(aq) + H2(g) Lithium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
What would you observe if you put some sodium in water? How would this compare to potassium in water?
For sodium fizzing, moving around on the surface of the water melts into a ball, metal disappears For potassium - it is more reactive more vigorousfizzing moving around on the surface of the water more quickly melts into a ball and bursts into flame (lilac in colour) metal disappears more rapidly
What is the chemical reaction between sodium and water?
Na (s) + H2O(l) –> NaOH(aq) + H2(g) sodium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
What is the chemical reaction between potassium and water?
K (s) + H2O(l) –> KOH(aq) + H2(g) potassium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
How would the reaction differ between potassium and rubidium?
Potassium lilac flame Rubidium explosive
What is an alloy?
A mixture of a metal and metal or a metal and non-metal which changes both the physical and chamical properties
Give three examples of an alloy
Brass- copper + zinc Bronze- copper + tin Steel- iron + carbon
How does the introduction of a different sized atom to a pure metal change its physical properties.
The smaller atoms disrupts the arrangment of the metal ions, They no longer arrange themselves in neat rows They do not have layers which can slide over one another They are no longer malleable- they are harder and stronger
When calcium reacts with hydorchloric acid, hydrogen forms. How can the hydrogen be collected?
hydrogen can be collected by downward displacement of water OR downward displacement of air - upside down test tube- hydrogen is less dense than air and will rise into the test tube and push the air downward
What are the products in this reaction? Mg + H2O (g) –> steam
Mg + H2O (g) –> MgO + H2 steam with steam the oxide is formed-not the hydroxide!