Topic B6: Practical Techniques
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Organic solid: How do you prepare an an impure organic solid?
• Heat under reflux • Vacuum filtration -quick -allows solid to dry more
Organic solid: How do you purify an impure organic solid?
-dissolve impure solid in minimum amount of hot solvent -allow solution to cool (ice bath) and crystals will form (solid impurities remain dissolved) -collected purified crystals via vacuum filtration
Organic solid: How do you identify an pure organic solid?
Chromatography or MP - compare to known literature value
What is heating under reflux?
continuous evaporation and condensation of reaction mixture -avoids loss of reagents or products -maintains constant temperature over whole reaction
Organic liquid: How do you purify an organic liquid?
separating funnel -allow layers to separate -remove bottom inorganic layer (organics usually have lower density than water so will settle as top layer) if unsure of which layer is which, add water and whichever layer expands = aqueous layer
Organic liquid: How do you dry an organic product?
-add a drying agent (anhydrous inorganic salt, e.g. calcium chloride)