Chapter 2 Expansion of Empires, War, and Reform
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Why are Muslims required to make a pilgrimage during their lifetime?
to commemorate Muhammad’s last trip to Mecca
Which statement explains the changes after Muhammad’s death shown in the map?
the first four caliphs spread Islam through conquest
How did Muslim scholars contribute to the field of mathematics?
they develop algebra
Why was the method of transportation shown in the image challenging for traders?
it required them to travel across the desert
Which feature of Islamic art is shown in the picture?
geometric patterns
Based on the map, which is a difference between the First and Third Crusades?
unlike the first crusade, crusaders on the third crusade mostly traveled by water to the Holy Land
Why did Alexius I ask Pope Urban II for help?
conquests by the Muslim Turks made travel to the Holy Land difficult
What were some effects of the Crusades? Select the three correct answers.
• the pope became a religious and secular leader • trade between Europe and the Muslim world grew • Jewish people were killed for their beliefs
Why did barons and merchants force King John to sign the Magna Carta?
he raised taxes to pay for a war
Use the following passage from the Magna Carta, written in 1215 CE, to answer the question. “(9) Officials will not take land or rent as payment for a debt, as long as the debtor, or person who owes the debt, has enough belongings to cover the debt. The people who take legal responsibility for the debtor will not be confronted for debt payment as long as the debtor is able to pay the debt. If the debtor cannot pay the debt, the people who take legal responsibility for the debtor will be confronted for payment. If the person taking legal responsibility for the debtor wishes, he or she may take over the lands of the debtor until the debt is paid, unless the debtor can show that the debt has been paid.” Why is this document considered important?
it made the king accountable to the laws of England
Constructed response
Make a claim about the effects of the Crusades, and support it with evidence from the chapter.