Respiration and Photosynthesis
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What is cellular respiration
Cells harvest chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to generate ATP
What is the cellular respiration formula
organic molecules + oxygen -> water, carbon dioxide, energy
What is the formula for catabolic breakdown of glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H2O +energy
What is oxidized in the breakdown of glucose
Glucose - Carbon dioxide C6H12O6- 6CO2
What is reduced in the breakdown of glucose
Oxygen -> water 6O2 -> 6H2O
What does the oxidation of glucose do
It transfers e- to a lower energy state, releasing energy to be used in ATP synthesis
During cellular respiration what is the path the electrons will follow
Most electrons will follow a “downhill” exergonic pathway glucose -> NADH -> ETC -> oxygen
What is an energy harvest
Glucose is broken foe in steps to harvest energy. Electrons are taken from glucose at different steps
What does the election travel with during energy harvest
Electrons travel with a proton (H+)
How many protons and electrons does dehydrogenases take from glucose
2 electrons 2 protons
What is dehydrogenase
an oxidizing agent for glucose
How is NAD reduced to NAHD
the energy harvest transfers 2e and 1 proton to coenzyme NAD to reduce to NADH
Where is the other proton sent during energy harvest
the other proton is released into surrounding solution as H+
How are electrons (e-) transferred to the electron transport chain
NADH carries e- to electron transport chain
What is the electron transport chain
A sequence of membrane proteins that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions
What is released from the electron transport chain
it releases energy used to make ATP
What does the electron transport chain transfer
ETC transfers e- to oxygen to make water and it releases energy
What are the stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis Citric cycle Oxidative phosphorlylation (ETC and chemisoisis)
What is glycolysis
starting point of cellular respiration splits glucose (6C) into 2 pyruvates (3C)
Where does glucose occur
Cytosol
what is the 1st stage of glycolysis
Energy investment stage: the cell uses ATP to phsophorylate compounds of glucose
what is the 2nd stage of glycolysis
Energy payoff stage: energy is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
What is the energy investment of glycolysis
2 ATP -> 2 ADP+P
What is the energy payoff of glycolysis
4 ADP+P -> 4 ATP