Exercise 8: The Root
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Give the 2 basic functions of root systems.
• absorption of water and minerals • anchorage
Give the 2 classifications of root systems.
• taproot system • fibrous system
Which among the types of roots directly arise from the stem?
adventitious roots
TRUE or FALSE: The fibrous root system is characterized by the loss of tap root in early development, leaving only the adventitious roots.
True
Differentiate the root systems of eudicots and monocots.
• eudicots - possess taproot system • monocots - possess fibrous system
Give the 8 types of modified roots and their respective specimens.
• buttress roots - kapok • climbing roots - philodendron • pneumatophores - mangroves • prop roots - corn • root nodules - makahiya, tamarind • stilt roots - pandan • strangling roots - strangler figs • storage roots - carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, or cassava
Give the 3 compositions of the primary root tissue.
• epidermis • ground tissue • stele
It refers to the collection of vascular tissues in an organ.
stele
It refers to the outermost layer of parenchyma in the primary root tissue.
epidermis
It refers to the layer below the epidermis which comprises of the ground tissue.
cortex
It refers to the specialized sub-epidermal layer in the roots of zea mays.
exodermis
TRUE or FALSE: The exodermis arises from the same primary meristem as the cortex.
True
It refers to the layer of small, compact cells below the cortex.
endodermis
TRUE or FALSE: The endodermis possesses thicker cell walls in its inner surface.
True
It refers to the outermost tissue of the stele below the endodermis.
pericycle
In which layer of the primary root tissue do lateral roots arise?
pericycle
Describe the arrangement of the primary xylem and phloem in the pericycle.
The primary xylem and phloem are arranged in a radially alternating manner.
It refers to the core of the primary root composed of ground tissue.
pith
Which type of xylem consists of tracheids and produces secondary cell walls earlier during root development?
protoxylem
Which type of xylem consists of either tracheids or vessels and grows larger before depositing the secondary cell wall?
metaxylem
Differentiate the 2 patterns of xylem development.
• exarch - the protoxylem is found outer to the metaxylem • endarch - the protoxylem is found inner to the metaxylem
It refers to roots with two, three, four, or many protoxylem poles.
• diarch - 2 protoxylem poles • triarch - 3 protoxylem poles • tetrach - 4 protoxylem poles • polyarch - innumerable protoxylem poles
Differentiate the structure of the young Vicia sp. root x.s. to the structure of the Zea mays x.s.
• no exodermis • less protoxylem poles • possible absence of pith
Give the 2 types of lateral meristems that function in secondary growth.
• vascular cambium • cork cambium