Atomic structure
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how are atoms arranged in the periodic table
Elements are arranged in the periodic table according to their atomic number, represented by Z. It is defined as the number of protons in the atom.
what is mass number
The mass number, given the symbol A, is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom
what are isotopes
Atoms (of the same element) with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
chemical properties of isotopes
Isotopes have the same chemical properties - as chemical reactions depend on the number of electrons in the outermost shells.
physical properties of isotopes
● Difference in atomic mass leads to different physical properties such as density, boiling point and melting point. ● Heavier isotopes move more slowly at a given temperature and therefore have higher melting and boiling points.
what is a mass spectrometer used for
mass spectrometer can be used, showing the isotopic composition of an element on a mass spectrum.
what is deflection based on in a mass spectrometer
Deflection based on mass to charge ratio (m/z) of ion: More deflection on ● Lower mass ● Higher charge
Cl2 molecules: m/z = 70 due to
(35Cl - 35Cl)+
Cl2 molecules m/z = 72 due to
(35Cl - 37Cl)+
Cl2 molecules m/z = 74 due to
(37Cl - 37Cl)+
what is relative atomic mass
● The weighted average mass of atoms of an element ● Relative to the mass of 1/12 of a Carbon-12 atom*
what are chemical reactions
Chemical reactions are the processes that transforming one set of chemical substances to another one.
what in involved in a chemical reaction
During reactions, only the outermost shell / valence electron(s) is/are involved.