exam 1 -- overview lect
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Protein – role w/i cell & class 3
structure, catalysis amino acids
Nucleic acids – role w/i cell & class 6
information storage + retrieval, coenzymes, carry chemical energy, signal molecules nucleotides (DNA/RNA)
lipids – role w/i cell & class 4
cell signaling, cell membranes generation, production and storage of energy (6x more than sugars) fatty acids
carbohydrates – role w/i cell & class 6
storage, source and production of electrons/energy, extracellular matrix, DNA/RNA, linked to proteins (as they signal where they need to go). sugars
Which group of molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates) have a role for energy?
all
enzymes associated with the failure in the lysosome and what they do
Lysosomal Acid Lipase and Cholesterol Ester Hydrolase. they hydrolyze triacylglycerol from fatty acids and glycerol. as well as hydrolyze cholesterol esters from cholesterol and fatty acids. Therefore, they supply cholesterol to the cells (as they make it).
symptoms in the failure of lysosome
accumulation of exogenous cholesterol esters in most organs, especially liver. exogenous – outside of the cell.
two major diseases related to failures in the lysosome
Wolman Disease (WD) and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease (CESD)
Wolman Disease (WD) lethality + causes + treatable?
lethal by age 1 results from premature stop codon (the enz. is not synthesized) in the mRNA transcript. This makes the functional protein not detectable, leading to no enzymatic activity of the cholesterol or hydrolase. likely not treatable
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease (CESD) – causes + treatable?
Caused by a single G to A mutation, as it disrupts the splicing point for an exon. It allows for lower functional level of the enz. likely treatable.
is glycolysis found in yeast and animals?
yes, this lead to the metabolism to be determined to be a highly conserved system across systems.